Rex

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This article is about the enemy debuting in Super Mario World. For the enemy in Super Mario Odyssey, see T-Rex.
Rex
Rex Run SMW.png
Artwork of a Rex in Super Mario World
First appearance Super Mario World (1990)
Latest appearance Minecraft: Bedrock Edition (2018)
Variants
Relatives
Comparable
Notable members

Rexes are dinosaur-like dragons[1] that inhabit Dinosaur Land. Their first and primary appearance is in Super Mario World, and a majority of Rexes' following appearances is in Japanese media never released into the Western world. Their English name is the Latin word for "king", and is derived from the predatory dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex. They are indigo-to-violet with a nasal horn, fangs, and small dragon wings, though they are flightless. They have similar features to Yoshis such as body shape and reddish shoes, and have been said to be very distant relatives.[2] A recurring trait with all Rexes are their compressible bodies, as their stature becomes flatter when jumped upon.

History[edit]

Super Mario World[edit]

Sprite of Rex from Super Mario World

Rexes are rare enemies in Super Mario World which behave similarly Goombas in that they simply walk in Mario's direction. They are usually found in small groups. In order to defeat a Rex, Mario needs to jump on it twice. After being jumped on once, a Rex gets its upper body stomped into its torso, reducing its height by half and causing it to move slightly quicker. If a Rex gets stomped on a second time, it gets defeated and flattened completely. A Spin Jump can destroy them in one hit, as will shooting a fireball, hitting it with a cape or running into it while using a Starman. Rexes can also be eaten by Yoshi. Rexes can be found in Yoshi's Island 1, Chocolate Island 2, and Awesome, each time in relatively large amounts.

Super Mario World television series[edit]

A Rex/Dinosaur with an egg in King Scoopa Koopa.
A Rex in the Super Mario World television series episode "King Scoopa Koopa".

Rexes, referred to by the generic term Dinosaurs, make several appearances in the Super Mario World animated series. The Rexes of Super Mario World come in different colors, such as green, red and yellow. Unlike in the game, they bear at least some resemblance to actual dinosaurs, they lack shoes, have clawed hands and feet, and their lower jaw now has different coloring from their belly. Some Rexes have bird-like wings, and others have second nasal horns.

Rexes first appeared in the episode "Send in the Clown", where several are shown disguised as clowns in King Koopa's "Koopaling Bros. Circus". After several misadventures in their circus act, that the clowns are accidentally revealed to be Rexes, who, upon tearing off their costumes, begin to herd all the circus audience members into a large pit. In this episode, they more closely resemble their in-game depiction.

In "King Scoopa Koopa", several multicolored Rexes are shown to be working as employees at King Koopa's fast food stand. After it is revealed that King Koopa had planned on mutating the inhabitants of Dome City into Chickadactyls — which he plans on deep frying and selling to Rexes — King Koopa sends several Rexes to capture Mario and Princess Toadstool. Mario and Princess Toadstool escape using the Star Path, and return later to defeat the Rexes using a cape. The Rexes that were not defeated by Cape Mario later escaped down a Warp Tube, along with King Koopa.

In the episode "Born to Ride", two Rex bikers named Duke and Rockman appear. Duke and Rockman, along with their ally, Lulu, attempted to manipulate Yoshi into capturing Mario and Luigi for them, only to be beaten in the end.

In a later episode entitled "Rock TV", two other Rex characters named the Tyrannosaurus Twins appear. The Tyrannosaurus Twins are wrestlers, and pummeled Mario and Luigi for sometime, though they were eventually defeated by Cape Mario.

Nintendo Adventure Books[edit]

In Brain Drain, Mario and Luigi, while looking for Iggy Koopa in his base, pass a Rex that has had its mind switched with a German opera singer's due to the Synapse Switcher.

Super Mario-kun[edit]

Rex from page 7, volume 3 of Super Mario-kun. 「かかったな、クッパの一味め!」 (Gotcha, Bowser's gang!)
A Rex in Super Mario-kun

A Rex has appeared in volume 3 of Super Mario-kun. Yoshi invites Mario and Luigi to meet his friend, a Rex who decided to turn against Bowser. He captures the Mario Bros. and attacks Yoshi, thinking they are working for Bowser. After the Mario Bros. demand an explanation, Yoshi convinces the Rex that he is a friend by showing his long tongue. The four then go into Rex's house, where Yoshi demands food, and Rex promises to cook. However, a Magikoopa and a Koopa Troopa called "Number 3" then use the kamemeka (an enchanted Koopa Shell) to brainwash Rex. Rex then makes a poisoned soup in attempt to defeat Mario, which Yoshi quickly digests. Rex then smugly asks if Yoshi enjoys the poisoned meal, which shocks Mario. After some groaning, however, Yoshi claims it was "delicious". Mario calls Yoshi an idiot, pointing out Rex's intention to kill them, but Yoshi denies it, saying that Rex is only a harmless friend.

Furious that he did not succeed, Rex then uses a flamethrower to burn Mario and Yoshi, while Luigi dodges in time. The Magikoopa then uses his power to make Rex grow. Rex attempts to stomp on Mario, but Mario steals his shoe and tries to use it as a Goomba's Shoe, only to be overpowered by its odor. Yoshi then tries and fails to make Rex remember good memories. Meanwhile, the Magikoopa decides it is time to finish off Mario and his friends, and gives the Rex bigger wings, transforming him into a Super Rex. During a chase, however, Mario finds a switch and turns it on, letting blocks fall on the Rex's head and removing the magical Koopa Shell. After the kamamaka falls off, Rex and the others put the kamemeka on the Magikoopa instead, and Mario forces the Magikoopa to dance under it, thus ending the chapter.

Super Mario Adventures[edit]

Rexes also appear in the Super Mario Adventures comic, where several of them are seen among the attendees at Bowser's wedding to a brainwashed Princess Toadstool. Later on, after Mario, Luigi, Yoshi and a herd of Yoshis crashed Bowser's wedding, a lone Rex is seen among the creatures trying to defeat the Yoshis, only to be trampled by them.

Super Mario Bros. film[edit]

In the Super Mario Bros. film, a building with a neon sign displaying the word REXX can be seen in Dinohattan. Concept art shows a neon sign reading "TEX REX" that is not present in the final film.

Mario & Wario[edit]

Rexes make a small background appearance in Mario & Wario, being encased in blocks of ice in the game's fourth stage.

Super Mario World: Mario to Yoshi no Bōken Land[edit]

Iggy, Koopa Troopas, Chargin' Chucks, and Rexes in Super Mario World: Mario to Yoshi no Bōken Land.
A Rex appearing in one scene of Super Mario World: Mario to Yoshi no Bōken Land

Rexes appear in the interactive anime video Super Mario World: Mario to Yoshi no Bōken Land. When the Mario Bros. discover Yoshi's egg on Yoshi's Island, Luigi prompts the player to answer which character is inside, with a Rex being one of the incorrect answers. When leaving the island, the Mario Bros. and Yoshi are confronted by Iggy Koopa alongside Koopa Troopas, Chargin' Chucks and Rexes. Mario then prompts the player to answer which enemies there are more of, with five Rexes being the incorrect answer (the correct answer being six Koopa Troopas).

Mario's FUNdamentals[edit]

In Mario's FUNdamentals, Rexes appear as a playing card when the player plays Go Fish with Mario.

Mario Family[edit]

A Rex appears as a sewing design in Mario Family.

Mario & Luigi series[edit]

Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga / Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions[edit]

Rexes reappear in Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga as enemies located on Hoohoo Mountain, past the Hoohooros Gate. They do not appear in the overworld, and are only seen in battle alongside Dry Bones or Beanies. Like in Super Mario World, Rexes attack Mario or Luigi by charging into them, and can be flattened by jumping on them. When they are at their full size, the Rexes' attacks cannot be dodged or countered, as they are too tall to jump over; they must be at least partly flattened for the Bros. to counterattack without getting hit. Jumping on a Rex a second time flattens it even more, though it does not decrease in height any further afterward.

In the original game, Rexes drop different items depending on if they were flattened or not upon defeat: if defeated with Hammer attacks or a strong enough Jump attack to defeat it in one hit, they drop Syrups; when defeated while flattened, they drop 1-Up Mushrooms (with Green Peppers replacing them as rare drops in the Japanese version). Rexes are healed with fire-based attacks, but take normal damage from thunder attacks.

In the remake, Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions, Rexes reprise their role from the original game, and are much larger; however, Mario and Luigi can now counterattack them when they are at their full size. Rexes also make high-pitched grunts when jumped on. They also appear as enemies in Minion Quest: The Search for Bowser, where they are Melee troopers, and attack by charging into opponents. Their Special Skill, Mega Tackle, allows them to charge quickly into an opponent, inflicting more damage than a regular charge. Rexes are the only standard Super Mario franchise enemies in the game that cannot be recruited as allies. As an enemy captain, the Rex is silent when using Captain Commands, with only an ellipses in its text box.

Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time[edit]

Main article: Shroob Rex
Sprite of Shroob Rex from the Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time game
A Shroob Rex

Though normal Rexes do not appear in Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time, a Shroob-like form of them, called Shroob Rex, appears in the game. Shroob Rexes are encountered in the Shroob Castle and have a different, slightly larger appearance with pincers for hands, dark magenta scales, and glowing red eyes. They also possess the ability to breathe fire.

Super Princess Peach[edit]

Normal Rexes appear in Super Princess Peach, first appearing in Fury Volcano 4-1. Their behavior is mostly unchanged Super Mario World. When jumped on, they shrink and can be defeated by another stomp, though they can be defeated instantly by any other attack. Rexes who have been affected by the Sad Vibe, called Sad Rexes, also appear. Sad Rexes will not move until Princess Peach approaches, in which case they will charge at her. Jumping on them will turn them into regular flattened Rexes, however, and they can be defeated using the same methods as normal counterpart.

Nintendo Monopoly[edit]

In the Nintendo Monopoly, Rexes appear in a screenshot on the background of the board, where Mario is riding a Green Yoshi that is spitting out fire at the Rex.

Minecraft[edit]

A Rex in Minecraft: Wii U Edition
A Rex in Minecraft

In the Super Mario Mash-up in Minecraft, Zombie Pigmen were originally retextured to look like Rexes. In Bedrock Edition, after the Nether Update, Zombie Pigmen were replaced with Zombified Piglins, which are retextured to look like Pom Pom in the Super Mario Mash-up. The Rex texture still appears in the Wii U Edition, New Nintendo 3DS Edition, and Nintendo Switch Edition, which were discontinued before receiving the Nether Update.

General information[edit]

Physical appearance and traits[edit]

Rexes are dinosaur-like dragons with single nasal horns, large fangs, and small dragon wings. They have purplish bodies with an orange pattern that covers their bottom jaw and runs down from the sides of their mouths to underneath their bellies (there is no known orange pattern on the bottom of their tails). The main color of the Rexes' bodies varies between games and official artwork: the official artwork for Super Mario World depicts them having dark blue bodies, but in games the color is often violet or purple (with the exception of Super Princess Peach which is a solid blue). There are three rib patterns on the orange part of their bellies. Their tails have two small spines down the center. Rexes wear big red shoes similar to Yoshis, but are more simplistic in design and have smaller beige soles underneath. Rexes have no nostrils and the backs of their heads do not have any distinguishing traits. In earlier game installments and artwork, Rexes are depicted with tiny fingers, but in some Japanese Super Mario picture books and Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions, they have actual fingers.

Rexes have small wings, but cannot fly. The wings' membranes are often red and have three "fingers", and slightly thick "arms". In official artwork, the color of the wings' arms is a deep orange, and the membranes the same color as the Rex's belly. Starting from Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga, the color the wings' arms match the color the Rex's body, and the membranes are red, matching the color of their shoes.

The depiction of the Rexes' pupil shape varies, with some showing them as round and open, and others showing them as a dash-shaped squinting shape, likely based off a piece of artworkMedia:SMW Art - Rex Stomp.png for Super Mario World showing one squinting from being jumped on, which is edited in certain publications to remove this context. In Super Mario World, Mario & Wario, Super Princess Peach, and the Super Mario Mash-up in Minecraft, their pupils are open; in some other games, such as Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga, the pupils are shown in a squinting shape. In the original Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga, their pupils briefly open when hit. A variant of the Rex, the Shroob Rex, are depicted with open eyes. Both designs of the Rexes' eyes are depicted as being connected together.

In the games, Rexes are taller than the Mario Bros. while even in Super form, and are even larger in Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions. Their size is used as a gameplay mechanic in the Mario & Luigi games where they are too tall for the player to jump over when dodging or counterattacking them while at their full size (regular Rexes in Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga, and Shroob Rexes in Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time), and must be shrunken down to counterattack them safely. The Rexes in Super Princess Peach are smaller however, standing slightly shorter than Princess Peach herself.

A trait that Rexes have in games are their compressive bodies, being shrunken down when jumped on (similar to the Mario Bros. shrinking when powering down from their Super forms). This allows them to withstand single jump attacks and move quicker while in this flattened state (they can still be defeated instantly by any other attack, however). In the Mario & Luigi games, Rexes can be flattened two times with jump attacks (the second time flatter than the last) and the player can safely counterattack or dodge their attacks. In the Minion Quest: The Search for Bowser mode in Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions, however, Rexes do not shrink when attacked by the player's troopers that attack from above. The Rexes' body compression trait is also possessed by Morty Moles from Super Mario 3D Land.

While Shroob Rexes have the ability to breathe fire, regular Rexes have not been shown to do so. Nevertheless, Rexes seem to have some affinity to fire as they can absorb fire damage in both versions of Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga and are primarily encountered in the stages of Fury Volcano in Super Princess Peach.

Profiles and statistics[edit]

Super Mario series[edit]

Super Mario World / Super Mario World: Super Mario Advance 2[edit]

  • Instruction booklet description:
    • English:
      As one would expect, you could only meet this kind of enemy in dinosaur land, and there are lots of them too. You have to stomp on a Rex twice to defeat him. Rex has wings, but I don't think he can fly.[3]
    • Other languages:
      • Japanese:
        さすが「恐竜ランド」というだけあって今回の敵キャラクターは、恐竜っぽいやつがいっぽいだ。こいつはドラボン。2回踏むと倒せるぞ。羽根がついているけど、空を飛ぶことはできないみたいだ。[4][page number needed]
        (Translation: As one would expect from a place called "Dinosaur Land", the enemy characters this time looked like dinosaurs. This one is Rex, which can be defeated by stepping on it twice. It has wings, but it does not seem to be able to fly.)
  • Shogakukan guide: ヨースター島のコース1に早くも登場。1回踏むとつぶれて、2回踏むと消える。羽が 生えているが、もちろん空は飛べない。[5](It appears early on Course 1 on Yoshi's Island, crumbling once when stepped on and disappearing when stepped on again. It has wings, but cannot fly, of course.)
  • Mario Mania: It's easy to vex Rex. Stomp once to crunch him like an accordian[sic] and twice to get rid of him for good. A Spin Jump takes him out in one step.[6]
  • Nintendo Power Issue #28: Rexes: They're relatively weak, but these kooks come out several at a time.[7]
  • Denizens of Dinosaur Land poster (Game Boy Advance version): To defeat Rexes, you need to bounce on their noggins twice. Although they have wings, it doesn't appear that they can fly.[8]

Nintendo Kōshiki Guidebook – Yoshi's Egg[edit]

ドラボン
幼いころヨッシー一族と離されて暮らして今の姿に至ったように見えるがそうではない。遠い昔の親せき。現在では他人のソラ似だ。[2]

Rex
Its current appearance looks like a consequence of growing apart from the Yoshi clan when it was little, but that's not the case. A distant relative from long ago. Nowadays, it's become a total outsider.

Perfect Ban Mario Character Daijiten[edit]

ドラボン (JP) / Rex (EN)
A Rex from Super Mario World.
Original text (Japanese) Translation
種族しゅぞく 恐竜族 Tribe Dinosaur clan
性格せいかく 気が小さい Disposition Small-minded
登場とうじょうゲーム ワールド Game appearances World
飛べないドラゴン!

背中の翼の生えている小さなドラゴン。翼は生えているが、空を飛ぶことができず、地上を歩いてる。1度踏むと小さくなり、動きが少し速くなる。2度踏めば倒せるぞ。[9]

A dragon that can't fly!

A small dragon with wings on its back. Although it has wings, it can't fly and walks on the ground. Step on it once and it becomes smaller and moves a little faster. Step on it twice and you can defeat it.

Mario & Luigi series[edit]

Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga[edit]

Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga enemy
Rex
A Rex from Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga. HP 16 POW 22 Defense 24
Speed 10 Experience 8 Coins 3
Location Hoohoo Mountain Jump Normal Hammer Normal
Hand Normal Fire Heal Thunder Normal
Stat down? 100% Stun? 60% Burn? 0%
Level 6 Role Common Item drop Syrup Jar – 32.26%
Syrup Jar – 32.26%
Notice
  • Stats in parentheses are from the Japanese version (if they differ from the original American and European stats).
  • Stats in gray are only found in the game's coding and are not available during "normal" gameplay.
Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga enemy
Rex (Flattened)
A Rex from Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga. HP 16 POW 22 Defense 24
Speed 10 Experience 8 Coins 3
Location Hoohoo Mountain Jump Normal Hammer Normal
Hand Normal Fire Heal Thunder Normal
Stat down? 100% Stun? 60% Burn? 0%
Level 6 Role Common Item drop 1-Up Mushroom – 16.13%
1-Up Mushroom – 32.26% (Green Pepper - 64.52%)
Notice
  • Stats in parentheses are from the Japanese version (if they differ from the original American and European stats).
  • Stats in gray are only found in the game's coding and are not available during "normal" gameplay.
  • Player's Guide: Always target Rexes first. As you stomp them, they get shorter and thus easier to jump over.[10]

Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions[edit]

Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions enemy
Rex
A Rex from Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions. HP 28 POW 32 DEF 14 SPEED 15 Experience 13
Fire Heal Thunder Normal Jump Normal Hammer Normal Coins 6
Stat down 60% Dizzy 100% Burn 0% Speed down 30% Item drop Syrup (24%)
None (0%)
Super Syrup (50%)
Level           7 Location(s) Hoohoo Mountain
  • Minion Quest: The Search for Bowser profile: Mighty dragons that can't fly, despite having wings. They charge forward when they spot an enemy.

Super Princess Peach[edit]

Rex
A Rex from Super Princess Peach.
Vibe Vibeless Levels Fury Volcano 4-1
Fury Volcano 4-3
Fury Volcano 4-4
Fury Volcano 4-5
Wavy Beach 5-8
Glossary number 76 Glossary entry A dinosaur-like enemy. Flip it with two stomps.

List of appearances[edit]

Title Year Format
Super Mario World 1990 SNES
Nintendo Kōshiki Guidebook – Yoshi's Egg 1991 Book
Super Mario World: Mario to Yoshi no Bōken Land 1991 OVA
Super Mario World - "Send in the Clown" 1991 TV episode
Super Mario World - "King Scoopa Koopa" 1991 TV episode
Super Mario World - "Born to Ride" 1991 TV episode
Super Mario World - "Rock TV" 1991 TV episode
Brain Drain 1992 Book
Super Mario-kun Volume 3 1992 Manga
Super Mario Adventures 1992 Comic
4koma Manga Ōkoku Super Mario, book 1 1992 Manga
Mario & Wario 1993 SNES
Mario Undōkai 1993 Arcade
Super Mario-kun Volume 9 1993 Manga
Perfect Ban Mario Character Daijiten 1994 Book
Super Mario All-Stars + Super Mario World 1994 SNES
Super Mario Maze Picture Book 4: Princess Peach Disappeared 1995 Book
Mario's Game Gallery 1995 MS-DOS
Super Mario Game Picture Book 2: Mario and Luigi 1995 Book
Super Mario Pocket Picture Book Number 3: Quizbook 1995 Book
Super Mario Wisdom Games Picture Book 3: Luigi's secret 1996 Book
Super Mario Story Quiz Picture Book 2: Mario's Sports Day 1997 Book
Mario's FUNdamentals 1998 Windows
Super Mario Story Quiz Picture Book 5: Mario's Amusement Park 1998 Book
Super Mario Story Quiz Picture Book 6: Friend Kidnapped 1998 Book
Super Mario Adventure Game Picture Book 2: Mario and Baby Yoshi 1998 Book
Super Mario Picture Book with Peel-and-Release Stickers 3: Dolphin's Ball 1999 Book
Super Mario Picture Book with Peel-and-Release Stickers 6: Let's Bring Back the Shells 1999 Book
Mario Family 2001 Game Boy Color
Super Mario World: Super Mario Advance 2 2001 Game Boy Advance
Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga 2003 Game Boy Advance
Super Princess Peach 2005 Nintendo DS
Minecraft: Wii U Edition 2016 Wii U
Minecraft: Nintendo Switch Edition 2017 Nintendo Switch
Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions 2017 Nintendo 3DS
Minecraft: New Nintendo 3DS Edition 2018 New Nintendo 3DS
Minecraft (Bedrock edition) 2018 Nintendo Switch

Gallery[edit]

For this subject's image gallery, see Gallery:Rex.

Names in other languages[edit]

Language Name Meaning Notes
Japanese ドラボン[11]
Dorabon
Portmanteau of "dragon" and「坊」(bon, an affectionate term for boys)
Chinese (simplified) 邦邦龙[12]
Bāngbāng Lóng
Bang-Bang Dragon
French Drabon[?] From the Japanese name
German Rex[13] -
Italian Draghetto[?] Small Dragon
Korean 드래본[?]
Deuraebon
Transliteration of the Japanese name
Portuguese Rex[?] -
Spanish Rex[?] -

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Mighty dragons that can't fly, despite having wings. They charge forward when they spot an enemy." – Rex description. Minion Quest: The Search for Bowser.
  2. ^ a b February 1, 1992. 「任天堂公式ガイドブック ヨッシーのたまご」 (Nintendo Kōshiki Guidebook – Yoshi's Egg). Shogakukan (Japanese). ISBN 4-09-104196-5. Page 61.
  3. ^ 1991. Super Mario World instruction booklet. Nintendo of America (American English). Page 25.
  4. ^ 1990. スーパーマリオワールド (Sūpā Mario Wārudo) instruction booklet (PDF). Nintendo (Japanese).
  5. ^ December 10, 1992. Super Mario World Shogakukan guide. Tokyo: Shogakukan. ISBN 4-09-104117-5. Page 28.
  6. ^ August 1991. Nintendo Mario Mania Player's Guide. Nintendo of America (American English). Page 51.
  7. ^ Tilden, Gail, et al. (September 1991). Nintendo Power Volume 28. Nintendo of America (American English). Page 10.
  8. ^ Super Mario World: Super Mario Advance 2 promotional flyerMedia:SMW SMA2-Protional Flyer.png
  9. ^ November 20, 1994. 「パーフェクト版 マリオキャラクター大事典」 (Perfect Ban Mario Character Daijiten). Shogakukan (Japanese). ISBN 4-09-259067-9. Page 135.
  10. ^ Thomason, Steve (2003). Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga Player's Guide. Nintendo of America (American English). ISBN 1-930206-43-7. Page 41.
  11. ^ Kagawa, Ryo (APE/Shigesato Itoi), Koichi Toda (100 Percent), Masaki Kuramochi (100 Percent), Shigeo Tanabe, Naomaru Asao, and Ryuji Osawa, editors (1991). "UNIT 2 CHARACTER" in『任天堂公式ガイドブック スーパーマリオワールド』. Tokyo: Shogakukan (Japanese). ISBN 4-09-104117-5. Page 28.
  12. ^ 无敌阿尔宙斯 (August 28, 2013). 神游 超级马力欧世界 敌人官译. Baidu Tieba (Simplified Chinese). Archived February 27, 2017, 15:38:47 UTC from the original via Wayback Machine. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
  13. ^ Menold, Marcus, Claude M. Moyse, and Andreas G. Kämmerer, editors (1993). Der offizielle Nintendo Spieleberater "Super Mario World". Großostheim: Nintendo of Europe GmbH (German). Page 19.