Luiginoid Formation: Difference between revisions

From the Super Mario Wiki, the Mario encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
m (→‎Luiginary Stack: added an image)
(→‎Hookshot: There was ambiguity regarding what is rotating.)
 
(32 intermediate revisions by 13 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{conjecture}}
[[File:3DS MarioLuigi3DS 022013 Scrn05.png|thumb|The Luiginoid Formation and a single [[Luiginoid]] jumping out of it.]]
[[File:3DS MarioLuigi3DS 022013 Scrn05.png|thumb|A screenshot of the Luiginoid Generator and a single Luiginoid jumping out of it.]]
A '''Luiginoid Formation'''<ref>Knight, David.''Mario & Luigi: Dream Team'' [[Prima Games|Prima]] Official Game Guide, page 19.</ref> is a [[Mario & Luigi: Dream Team#Luiginary Works|Luiginary Work]] in ''[[Mario & Luigi: Dream Team]]''. It is a giant constellation shaped like [[Luigi]]'s head. When [[Dreamy Luigi]] enters it, the stars transform into a large number of [[Luiginoids]]. The Luiginoids can become one of three '''forms''' or '''shapes''', each with different moves to use to traverse the overworld. Some of these moves are called '''Luiginary abilities''' or '''Luiginary Attacks'''. Luiginoid Formation is described by [[Prince Dreambert]] as being a "legendary" Luiginary Work, able to create copies of the dreamer. While the Luiginoids and [[Mario]] discover the abilities, Prince Dreambert names and describes them.
'''Luiginoid Generator''' is a type of [[Mario & Luigi: Dream Team#Luiginary Works|Luiginary Work]] in ''[[Mario & Luigi: Dream Team]]''. It has many uses for [[Mario]] and [[Dreamy Luigi]]. It is described by Prince Dreambert as being a "legendary" Luiginary Work.


==Luiginary Stack==
Luiginoid Formations float in the background. Once encountered by Mario and Dreamy Luigi, they follow the Bros. After entering the work, it vanishes as the stars become Luiginoids. However, leaving the work turns all the Luiginoids back into stars.
[[File:Mldt-luigistack.jpg|thumb|Using Luiginary Stack in [[Dreamy Dozing Sands]].
 
If the generator contains a [[Luiginary Stack]], then a stack of [[Luiginoid]]s will form and Mario will climb to the top. This form is first used in Dreamy Dozing Sands. While in this form, the Bros. will plow through most enemies and are able to perform the following techniques:
Each of the three shapes are massive, and this size can be used to easily collect [[coin]]s. However, this size comes with some disadvantages. The shapes often cannot fit into small passageways, restricting their use. If the Luiginoids touch any hazards, like spikes, they all fall off the map, and Mario and Dreamy Luigi respawn with the latter outside the Luiginoid Formation.
 
All enemies that come into contact with the Luiginoids are instantly defeated without battling them. This also permanently removes them from the overworld.
 
At first, the Luiginoids only have access to the "stack" form, but later locations have the Bros. learn two other forms and moves for each. The player can freely swap between all learned forms by cycling forward with {{button|3ds|R}}, but always start out as the stack. The cycle is: Stack → Cone → Ball → Pile → Stack. If there is not enough space to form the stack, then Dreamy Luigi will return to Mario. (After learning how to crouch as a stack, the Luiginoids start in that position if there is not enough vertical space for the stack to stand. Trying to switch to other shapes in a space too small for them will keep the Luiginoids in the prior shape.)
 
The real Luigi stretches when the Luiginoid Formation is used, though this is possibly only meant as reference to the "stack" form.
 
==Stack==
The initial shape learned is the "stack", first used in [[Dreamy Dozing Sands]]. A stack of [[Luiginoid]]s is formed and Mario stands on top. It can push certain boxes in the Bros. path. While in this form, the Bros. are able to perform the following techniques:


===Jump===
===Jump===
Pressing {{button|3ds|B}} makes the stack jump. Mario and the Luiginary Stack can use this to reach platforms or activate switches too high to reach.
Pressing {{button|3ds|B}} makes the stack jump. Mario and the stack can use this to reach platforms or activate switches too high to reach, or break blocks above their heads.


===Lean Over===
===Lean Over===
While the stack is on a ledge, the player can use {{button|3ds|Stick}} to make the stack lean over. The Luiginoids can activate switches this way. If there's nothing to lean against, however, the stack loses its balance and collapses.
While the stack left idle on a ledge, it leans over, stopping at a wall. This can activate switches placed diagonally on walls. If there is nothing to lean against, the stack loses its balance. If left in that state for too long, the Luiginoids will fall over and disperse in the same way they do when hit by a hazard. The player can push the {{button|3ds|Stick}} in the opposite direction to stand back up, even if they are unbalanced.
 
Certain switches in the game cause [[bomb]]s to fall. Standing up when the bomb gets close enough can be used to bat the bombs forward.


===Ground Pound===
===Ground Pound===
While the Luiginary Stack is midair, {{button|3ds|B}} can be used to ground pound. The Luiginoids will break through most blocks with a ground pound.
While the stack is midair, {{button|3ds|B}} can be used to [[Ground Pound]]. This Luiginary ability causes the Luiginoids fall quickly, breaking through blocks. This is learned later in Dreamy Dozing Sands, at the [[Dreampoint]] where the [[Dream Stone]] was. The impact knocks over the real [[Luigi's Cap]] on the Touch Screen.


===Crouch===
===Crouch===
Pressing {{button|3ds|A}} makes Mario flatten the Luiginary Stack. While the stack is flattened, Mario and the Luiginoids will be able to move through low ceilings. Pressing {{button|3ds|B}} reverts the stack to normal.
Pressing {{button|3ds|A}} makes Mario flatten the stack. Out of all the states the Luiginoid Formation has, a crouching stack is the shortest. While the stack is flattened, Mario and the Luiginoids will be able to move through low ceilings, and can still push boxes. Walking in this state is slower compared to normal. Pressing {{button|3ds|B}} reverts the stack to normal, should there be enough space. This is learned at the same [[Dreampoint]] as the Ground Pound, but later on.
 
After learning how to crouch, the Luiginoids will start off crouching instead of standing if the stack shape is entered in places too small to stand in.


===Spring Jump===
===Spring Jump===
While the stack is crouching, pressing {{button|3ds|A}} causes the stack to spring, allowing the stack to jump many times higher and crush blocks above it.
While the stack is crouching, and there is enough space above the stack, pressing {{button|3ds|A}} causes the stack to spring back up by using '''Spring Jump'''. The stack leaps many times higher than normal and breaks blocks above it. It can break [[Nightmare Chunk]]s in one hit. However, sideways movement is reduced during a Spring Jump. Touching a ceiling in this state makes the stack bounce off, moving back down starting at the same speed it had as it hit the ceiling. Spring Jump is learned alongside crouching.
<gallery>
MLDT Luiginoid Stack.png|The default stack shape
MLDT Luiginoid Stack Lean.png|The stack leaning on a button
MLDT Luiginoid Stack Ground Pound.png|The stack executing a Ground Pound
MLDT Luiginoid Stack Crouch.png|The stack crouching
MLDT Luiginoid Stack Spring.png|The stack executing a spring jump
</gallery>
==Cone==
Pressing {{button|3ds|R}} turns the stack into the '''Cone form''', which looks like an inverted cone, with Mario on top. This form is first used in [[Dreamy Mount Pajamaja]]. While in this form, Bros. are able to perform the following techniques.


==Luiginary Typhoon==
Pressing {{button|3ds|R}} turns the [[Luiginary Stack]] into the Luiginary Typhoon, which looks like an inverted cone, with Mario on top. This form is first used in [[Dreamy Mount Pajamaja]]. While in this form, the Bros. will also plow through most enemies and are able to perform the following techniques:
===Spin Jump===
Pressing {{button|3ds|B}} makes the Luiginary Typhoon jump, which falls slower than a normal jump. Pressing {{button|3ds|A}} while midair makes Luiginary Typhoon drop quickly.
===Hover Spin===
===Hover Spin===
Pressing {{button|3ds|B}} while midair makes Mario Jump, making the Luiginary Typhoon rise a bit, increasing the aerial duration a bit. Mario will also be able to hit [[? Block|? Blocks]] above him.
The '''Hover Spin''' is a Luiginary Attack. Pressing {{button|3ds|B}} makes the cone jump while spinning, which falls slower than a normal jump. Pressing {{button|3ds|B}} while midair makes the cone rise a bit, allowing it to stay in the air for longer. Mario jumps from the cone when reusing Hover Spin while airborne, and he can hit [[? Block|? Blocks]] above him. Pressing {{button|3ds|A}} during the Hover Spin makes the cone drop quickly.
===Tornado===
 
Pressing {{button|3ds|A}} creates a large tornado, with all the Luiginoids whirling around. The player can control where Mario goes with {{button|3ds|stick}}, and push crates that have been affected by the tornado. Pressing {{button|3ds|A}} will return Mario and all the Luiginoids to their original location.
Hover Spin can be affected by swirling winds. Ones that point upward lift the Luiginoids to the top. Winds pointing sideways instead push the Luiginoids in their direction. The force is strong, so usually the player will wind up far way from the swirling wind in question.
 
Using Hover Spin while against giant nuts causes the nuts to spin, moving them up or down the attached bolt depending on the bolt. This generally moves the nut out of the way, though there are some other uses for them.
 
The real Luigi rocks back and forth as the Hover Spin is used.
 
===Luiginary Tornado===
Pressing {{button|3ds|A}} starts '''Luiginary Tornado''', where all the Luiginoids spread out whirling around the screen. Mario spins as well, and can freely fly in the area the Luiginoids are spinning around with the {{button|3ds|stick}}. This move can blow away various objects, including those in the foreground and background. Certain crates in the game are lifted up by the wind. If Mario pushes them, they fly forward and can be used to activate switches. Pressing {{button|3ds|A}} will return Mario and all the Luiginoids to their original location. This is learned later on in Dreamy Mount Pajamaja, while at the Dreampoint on the Summit.
 
(Even in this state, any Luiginoid touching a hazard knocks over all the Luiginoids.)
<gallery>
MLDT Luiginoid Cone.png|The default cone shape
MLDT Luiginoid Cone Hover.png|The cone executing a Hover Spin
MLDT Luiginoid Cone Tornado.png|The cone executing a Luiginary Tornado
</gallery>
==Ball==
Pressing {{button|3ds|R}} turns the cone into the ball shape, sometimes referred to as the '''Luiginary Ball'''. Mario balances on top. This form is learned in the section of [[Dream's Deep]] accessed from [[Dreamy Pi'illo Castle]], but only later in the game. This shape is the fastest of all three shapes, and can pick up more speed by rolling down slopes. Though it cannot jump, it can roll off ramps or use momentum and an incline to launch directly upward. It is able to perform the following techniques:
 
===Hookshot===
The '''Hookshot''' allows Mario and the Luiginoids to use Hookshot points to advance, Pressing {{button|3ds|B}} has a Luiginoid hold Mario in the air and start walking back and forth across the top half of the ball. They bounce off walls, if one is close enough to restrict movement. A second {{button|3ds|B}} press has the ball unwind to launch Mario outward in the specified direction. If the string reaches its maximum length or hits a wall, it rolls back up into the ball. If Mario reaches a Hookshot point, Mario will grab on and the Luiginoids will curl up with Mario at the Hookshot point instead.
 
While hanging from a Hookshot point, the {{button|3ds|Stick}} can be used to swing the ball left and right. Pressing {{button|3ds|A}} makes Mario let go, and the ball will fall down based on its current momentum. After landing, Mario pops out of the ball and the player regains control. While some Hookshot points are static, others move around and can therefore carry the ball to different places.
 
Certain Hookshot points have a wheel shape. Once the ball has reached the point, the Hookshot point starts rotating automatically. This in turn swings the ball around the point. When {{button|3ds|B}} is pressed, the wheel will stop and a Luiginoid will spring out of the ball in the direction the ball is facing. If it does not hit a Hookshot point, the ball retracts and the wheel resumes spinning. If it does hit, the ball is pulled to the next Hookshot point. This can be used repeatedly, chaining Hookshots to move across wide spaces. There is some auto-correction involved while using this move, making hitting Hookshot points more likely.
 
This move is a reference to the [[Zeldawiki:Hookshot|Hookshot]] from the ''Legend of Zelda'' series, and the move works almost the same as the aforementioned item.


==Luiginary Ball==
Pressing {{button|3ds|R}} turns the Luiginary Typhoon into the Luiginary Ball, which looks like a sphere, with Mario balancing on top. This form is first used in [[Dream's Deep]] in [[Dreamy Pi'illo Castle]], later in the game. While in this form, the Bros. will plow through most enemies, move faster than other Luiginary Forms, fly up ramps, and are able to perform the following techniques:
===Ball Hammer===
===Ball Hammer===
Pressing {{button|3ds|A}} causes Mario to swing the Luiginary Ball around and around, breaking certain obstacles. Mario can move up and down in this state. Pressing {{button|3ds|A}} again will launch the Luiginary Ball a far distance, returning to Mario almost immediately. Pressing {{button|3ds|B}} will cause Mario to balance on the Luiginary Ball again.
The '''Ball Hammer''' uses the ball as a powerful weapon. Pressing {{button|3ds|A}} causes Mario to swing the ball around and around, through the background and foreground. The motion alone can break objects near Mario, including Nightmare Chunks in a single blow. If the ball collides with a wall while swung, the move is cancelled. Some breakable objects act as walls, but Ball Hammer damages them even with the initial swing. While swinging Mario can move up and down with {{button|3ds|Stick}}. Pressing {{button|3ds|B}} stops Ball Hammer. Pressing {{button|3ds|A}} again will throw the ball forward, in the direction Mario was facing when starting the move. It flies forward while ignoring gravity, breaking blocks and Nightmare Chunks in its path. It only stops after flying off the edge of the screen or colliding with a wall, prompting it to return to Mario almost immediately.  
===Hookshot===
Pressing {{button|3ds|B}} aims the ball at the Hookshot point and pressing {{button|3ds|B}} again launches Dreamy Luigi and a string of [[Luiginoid]]s to the nearby point. If the line is not aimed at a Hookshot point, the Luiginoids will spring back.


This move is a reference to the [[Zeldawiki:Hookshot|Hookshot]] from the ''Legend of Zelda'' series, and the move works almost same as the aforementioned item.
The real Luigi rocks back and forth while using this move, but with a wider range of motion compared to Hover Spin. Additionally, a impact causes Luigi to stop and lean far in the direction of the object that the ball struck.
<gallery>
MLDT Luiginoid Ball.png|The default ball shape
MLDT Luiginoid Ball Hookshot.png|The ball executing a hookshot move
MLDT Luiginoid Ball Hammer.png|The ball executing a Ball Hammer move
</gallery>
==Pile==
To dismiss the Luiginoids and return to normal movement, the player must press {{button|3ds|L}} to have the Luiginoids collapse into a pile. (They can also use {{button|3ds|R}} to cycle past the last known form.) In this state, the player is unable to move. Pressing either {{button|3ds|A}} or {{button|3ds|B}} makes the Luiginoids jump back into the Luiginoid Formation and has Dreamy Luigi return. Pressing {{button|3ds|R}} again returns the Luiginoids to stack form.
<gallery>
MLDT Luiginoid Pile.png|The pile shape
</gallery>
==References==
<references/>


==Revert==
{{M&LDT}}
To revert to normal, the player can press {{button|3ds|L}} to pile the Luiginoids and then press {{button|3ds|B}} to make them jump back into the Luiginoid Generator. Pressing {{button|3ds|R}} cycles through the various forms the Luiginoids create, if there is access to more than one, in this order: Stack → Typhoon → Ball → Pile. Alternatively, pressing {{button|3ds|A}} while in the Luiginoid Pile will also cause the Luiginary Work to cease.
[[Category:Mario & Luigi: Dream Team moves]]
{{BoxTop}}
{{ML:DT}}
[[Category:Mario & Luigi: Dream Team]]

Latest revision as of 16:39, December 20, 2024

A screenshot from Mario & Luigi: Dream Team
The Luiginoid Formation and a single Luiginoid jumping out of it.

A Luiginoid Formation[1] is a Luiginary Work in Mario & Luigi: Dream Team. It is a giant constellation shaped like Luigi's head. When Dreamy Luigi enters it, the stars transform into a large number of Luiginoids. The Luiginoids can become one of three forms or shapes, each with different moves to use to traverse the overworld. Some of these moves are called Luiginary abilities or Luiginary Attacks. Luiginoid Formation is described by Prince Dreambert as being a "legendary" Luiginary Work, able to create copies of the dreamer. While the Luiginoids and Mario discover the abilities, Prince Dreambert names and describes them.

Luiginoid Formations float in the background. Once encountered by Mario and Dreamy Luigi, they follow the Bros. After entering the work, it vanishes as the stars become Luiginoids. However, leaving the work turns all the Luiginoids back into stars.

Each of the three shapes are massive, and this size can be used to easily collect coins. However, this size comes with some disadvantages. The shapes often cannot fit into small passageways, restricting their use. If the Luiginoids touch any hazards, like spikes, they all fall off the map, and Mario and Dreamy Luigi respawn with the latter outside the Luiginoid Formation.

All enemies that come into contact with the Luiginoids are instantly defeated without battling them. This also permanently removes them from the overworld.

At first, the Luiginoids only have access to the "stack" form, but later locations have the Bros. learn two other forms and moves for each. The player can freely swap between all learned forms by cycling forward with R Button, but always start out as the stack. The cycle is: Stack → Cone → Ball → Pile → Stack. If there is not enough space to form the stack, then Dreamy Luigi will return to Mario. (After learning how to crouch as a stack, the Luiginoids start in that position if there is not enough vertical space for the stack to stand. Trying to switch to other shapes in a space too small for them will keep the Luiginoids in the prior shape.)

The real Luigi stretches when the Luiginoid Formation is used, though this is possibly only meant as reference to the "stack" form.

Stack[edit]

The initial shape learned is the "stack", first used in Dreamy Dozing Sands. A stack of Luiginoids is formed and Mario stands on top. It can push certain boxes in the Bros. path. While in this form, the Bros. are able to perform the following techniques:

Jump[edit]

Pressing B Button makes the stack jump. Mario and the stack can use this to reach platforms or activate switches too high to reach, or break blocks above their heads.

Lean Over[edit]

While the stack left idle on a ledge, it leans over, stopping at a wall. This can activate switches placed diagonally on walls. If there is nothing to lean against, the stack loses its balance. If left in that state for too long, the Luiginoids will fall over and disperse in the same way they do when hit by a hazard. The player can push the Circle Pad in the opposite direction to stand back up, even if they are unbalanced.

Certain switches in the game cause bombs to fall. Standing up when the bomb gets close enough can be used to bat the bombs forward.

Ground Pound[edit]

While the stack is midair, B Button can be used to Ground Pound. This Luiginary ability causes the Luiginoids fall quickly, breaking through blocks. This is learned later in Dreamy Dozing Sands, at the Dreampoint where the Dream Stone was. The impact knocks over the real Luigi's Cap on the Touch Screen.

Crouch[edit]

Pressing A Button makes Mario flatten the stack. Out of all the states the Luiginoid Formation has, a crouching stack is the shortest. While the stack is flattened, Mario and the Luiginoids will be able to move through low ceilings, and can still push boxes. Walking in this state is slower compared to normal. Pressing B Button reverts the stack to normal, should there be enough space. This is learned at the same Dreampoint as the Ground Pound, but later on.

After learning how to crouch, the Luiginoids will start off crouching instead of standing if the stack shape is entered in places too small to stand in.

Spring Jump[edit]

While the stack is crouching, and there is enough space above the stack, pressing A Button causes the stack to spring back up by using Spring Jump. The stack leaps many times higher than normal and breaks blocks above it. It can break Nightmare Chunks in one hit. However, sideways movement is reduced during a Spring Jump. Touching a ceiling in this state makes the stack bounce off, moving back down starting at the same speed it had as it hit the ceiling. Spring Jump is learned alongside crouching.

Cone[edit]

Pressing R Button turns the stack into the Cone form, which looks like an inverted cone, with Mario on top. This form is first used in Dreamy Mount Pajamaja. While in this form, Bros. are able to perform the following techniques.

Hover Spin[edit]

The Hover Spin is a Luiginary Attack. Pressing B Button makes the cone jump while spinning, which falls slower than a normal jump. Pressing B Button while midair makes the cone rise a bit, allowing it to stay in the air for longer. Mario jumps from the cone when reusing Hover Spin while airborne, and he can hit ? Blocks above him. Pressing A Button during the Hover Spin makes the cone drop quickly.

Hover Spin can be affected by swirling winds. Ones that point upward lift the Luiginoids to the top. Winds pointing sideways instead push the Luiginoids in their direction. The force is strong, so usually the player will wind up far way from the swirling wind in question.

Using Hover Spin while against giant nuts causes the nuts to spin, moving them up or down the attached bolt depending on the bolt. This generally moves the nut out of the way, though there are some other uses for them.

The real Luigi rocks back and forth as the Hover Spin is used.

Luiginary Tornado[edit]

Pressing A Button starts Luiginary Tornado, where all the Luiginoids spread out whirling around the screen. Mario spins as well, and can freely fly in the area the Luiginoids are spinning around with the Circle Pad. This move can blow away various objects, including those in the foreground and background. Certain crates in the game are lifted up by the wind. If Mario pushes them, they fly forward and can be used to activate switches. Pressing A Button will return Mario and all the Luiginoids to their original location. This is learned later on in Dreamy Mount Pajamaja, while at the Dreampoint on the Summit.

(Even in this state, any Luiginoid touching a hazard knocks over all the Luiginoids.)

Ball[edit]

Pressing R Button turns the cone into the ball shape, sometimes referred to as the Luiginary Ball. Mario balances on top. This form is learned in the section of Dream's Deep accessed from Dreamy Pi'illo Castle, but only later in the game. This shape is the fastest of all three shapes, and can pick up more speed by rolling down slopes. Though it cannot jump, it can roll off ramps or use momentum and an incline to launch directly upward. It is able to perform the following techniques:

Hookshot[edit]

The Hookshot allows Mario and the Luiginoids to use Hookshot points to advance, Pressing B Button has a Luiginoid hold Mario in the air and start walking back and forth across the top half of the ball. They bounce off walls, if one is close enough to restrict movement. A second B Button press has the ball unwind to launch Mario outward in the specified direction. If the string reaches its maximum length or hits a wall, it rolls back up into the ball. If Mario reaches a Hookshot point, Mario will grab on and the Luiginoids will curl up with Mario at the Hookshot point instead.

While hanging from a Hookshot point, the Circle Pad can be used to swing the ball left and right. Pressing A Button makes Mario let go, and the ball will fall down based on its current momentum. After landing, Mario pops out of the ball and the player regains control. While some Hookshot points are static, others move around and can therefore carry the ball to different places.

Certain Hookshot points have a wheel shape. Once the ball has reached the point, the Hookshot point starts rotating automatically. This in turn swings the ball around the point. When B Button is pressed, the wheel will stop and a Luiginoid will spring out of the ball in the direction the ball is facing. If it does not hit a Hookshot point, the ball retracts and the wheel resumes spinning. If it does hit, the ball is pulled to the next Hookshot point. This can be used repeatedly, chaining Hookshots to move across wide spaces. There is some auto-correction involved while using this move, making hitting Hookshot points more likely.

This move is a reference to the Hookshot from the Legend of Zelda series, and the move works almost the same as the aforementioned item.

Ball Hammer[edit]

The Ball Hammer uses the ball as a powerful weapon. Pressing A Button causes Mario to swing the ball around and around, through the background and foreground. The motion alone can break objects near Mario, including Nightmare Chunks in a single blow. If the ball collides with a wall while swung, the move is cancelled. Some breakable objects act as walls, but Ball Hammer damages them even with the initial swing. While swinging Mario can move up and down with Circle Pad. Pressing B Button stops Ball Hammer. Pressing A Button again will throw the ball forward, in the direction Mario was facing when starting the move. It flies forward while ignoring gravity, breaking blocks and Nightmare Chunks in its path. It only stops after flying off the edge of the screen or colliding with a wall, prompting it to return to Mario almost immediately.

The real Luigi rocks back and forth while using this move, but with a wider range of motion compared to Hover Spin. Additionally, a impact causes Luigi to stop and lean far in the direction of the object that the ball struck.

Pile[edit]

To dismiss the Luiginoids and return to normal movement, the player must press L Button to have the Luiginoids collapse into a pile. (They can also use R Button to cycle past the last known form.) In this state, the player is unable to move. Pressing either A Button or B Button makes the Luiginoids jump back into the Luiginoid Formation and has Dreamy Luigi return. Pressing R Button again returns the Luiginoids to stack form.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Knight, David.Mario & Luigi: Dream Team Prima Official Game Guide, page 19.