Rival: Difference between revisions
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{{rewrite-expand}} | {{rewrite-expand|The way the system works in ''64''/''7'' is certainly a lot more complex than how it's being described here.}} | ||
The '''rival'''<ref> | The '''rival'''<ref>{{cite|quote=Tip #2: Watch the Computer Rival: During the Grand Prix, you'll see after two races that a computer rival is consistently in first place or second place behind you (assuming you're first!). This rival is the one to gun for in future races to make sure he doesn't steal your lead.|author=Hodgson, David S.|title=''Mario Kart: Double Dash'' PRIMA's Official Strategy Guide|page=11|date=November 25, 2003|publisher=[[Prima Games]]|language=en-us|isbn=0-7615-4424-0}}</ref> system is a recurring game mechanic in the ''[[Mario Kart (series)|Mario Kart]]'' series where one or more computer-controlled opponents are given a massive advantage to ensure the point standings in the tournament grid are always close. Some implementations of the system may also dictate the rank order of the entire grid and not just the CPU closest to the player. It is usually enforced through '''rubber band AI''', a racing game convention where opponents get a speed boost (often beyond what the in-game statistics for the character would allow) when they fall too far behind the player. Rival characters may be given other advantages, such as recovering faster from hits and getting better [[List of items|item]] probability. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
===''Famicom Grand Prix: F1 Race''=== | |||
''[[Famicom Grand Prix: F1 Race]]'' is the first game to introduce this concept to the [[Super Mario (franchise)|''Super Mario'' franchise]], having a set order the unique CPU contenders stay in. The one in the lead, [[Michel Rumble]], acts very much akin to rivals in the later ''Mario Kart'' series, always staying very far ahead and first (to the point that he will often not be reachable until midway through the second lap) and getting a noticeable speed boost when behind, though it is not as major as many later examples. Aside from the six named opponents, several identical filler cars appear scattered between and lagging behind. | |||
{| style="text-align:center; width:890px; margin: 0 auto" class=wikitable | |||
!1 | |||
!2 | |||
!3 | |||
!4 | |||
!5 | |||
!6 | |||
|- | |||
|[[File:FGPI Rainbow drive.gif]]<br>[[Michel Rumble]] | |||
|[[File:FGPI Banana drive.gif]]<br>[[Antonio Zico]] | |||
|[[File:FGPI Purple drive.gif]]<br>[[George Turbo]] | |||
|[[File:FGPI Red drive.gif]]<br>[[Bronco Maccini]] | |||
|[[File:FGPI Blue drive.gif]]<br>[[Howard Axel]] | |||
|[[File:FGPI Green drive.gif]]<br>[[Panther Pedalf]] | |||
|} | |||
===''Super Mario Kart''=== | ===''Super Mario Kart''=== | ||
[[File:MarioWins SMK.png|thumb|The rivals are expected to finish in a particular order. In this case, though, Princess got a lower spot than normal.]] | [[File:MarioWins SMK.png|thumb|The rivals are expected to finish in a particular order. In this case, though, Princess got a lower spot than normal.]] | ||
In ''[[Super Mario Kart]]'', rivals contain one very fast driver, one fast driver, one medium driver, one slow driver and three very slow drivers. It is notable that when one of the three slowest drivers gets hit, that kart | In ''[[Super Mario Kart]]'', rivals contain one very fast driver, one fast driver, one medium driver, one slow driver, and three very slow drivers. It is notable that when one of the three slowest drivers gets hit, that [[kart]] keeps its place, while when one of the faster cars gets shot, it usually resumes its previous place very quickly unless unable to catch up fast enough before the race ends. For this reason, the drivers (except the human racer) will (if unaffected) always finish in the same order. If the human-controlled player tries to hit an opponent, said opponent [[hop (move)|hop]]s over the item a majority of the time. The rivals are also not determined in pairs, so that even if [[Donkey Kong Jr.]] is [[Mario]]'s rival, Mario will not be Donkey Kong Jr.'s rival, as shown in the table below. | ||
The rivals for each driver are always the same | The rivals for each driver are always the same. The list below will be in that exact order for the first race. It is possible to change the order if the rivals cannot recover their place at the end (for example, if someone is playing as [[Luigi]] and [[Yoshi]] finishes last, Yoshi will then become one of the three slower drivers while everybody takes the next position up). It happens mostly on 100cc and 150cc. | ||
The rivals are determined by the current points standing, meaning that if Yoshi was still only second to the player, he will boost back to first position from the start. | The rivals are determined by the current points standing, meaning that if Yoshi was still only second to the player, he will boost back to first position from the start. | ||
{{br}} | {{br}} | ||
{| style="text-align:center; width:890px; margin: 0 auto | {| style="text-align:center; width:890px; margin: 0 auto" class=wikitable | ||
! rowspan=2 width=120px | Character | ! rowspan=2 width=120px | Character | ||
! colspan=7 | Rival Order | ! colspan=7 | Rival Order | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Very Fast | ! Very Fast | ||
! Fast | ! Fast | ||
Line 50: | Line 68: | ||
===''Mario Kart 64''=== | ===''Mario Kart 64''=== | ||
{{stub|section=yes}} | {{stub|section=yes}} | ||
''[[Mario Kart 64]]'' and most of the subsequent installments (beside ''[[Mario Kart: Super Circuit]]'') until ''[[Mario Kart 7]]'' employ a simpler variation where one or two random opponents are selected at the start of a | ''[[Mario Kart 64]]'' and most of the subsequent installments (beside ''[[Mario Kart: Super Circuit]]'') until ''[[Mario Kart 7]]'' employ a simpler variation where one or two random opponents are selected at the start of a Grand Prix to be of much greater skill than the other racers. Rival racers have strong rubber-band AI. | ||
===''Mario Kart: Super Circuit''=== | ===''Mario Kart: Super Circuit''=== | ||
''[[Mario Kart: Super Circuit]]'' features a preset order of CPU opponents from slowest to fastest for each character in Grand Prix mode. In Quick Run mode, the orders are reversed, except in the first track of each cup. | ''[[Mario Kart: Super Circuit]]'' features a preset order of CPU opponents from slowest to fastest for each character in Grand Prix mode. In Quick Run mode, the orders are reversed, except in the first track of each cup. During Grand Prix in multiplayer, the rival order depends on the first player's character. | ||
{| class= | {|style="text-align:center; width:820px; margin: 0 auto" class=wikitable | ||
! | !Player | ||
! | !Fastest | ||
! | !2nd-fastest | ||
! | !3rd-fastest | ||
! | !4th-fastest | ||
! | !3rd-slowest | ||
! | !2nd-slowest | ||
! | !Slowest | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Mario | |[[File:Mario MKSC.png|center]]Mario | ||
| Donkey Kong | |[[File:MKSCDonkeyKongSprite.png|center]]Donkey Kong | ||
| Bowser | |[[File:MKSC Bowser Sprite.png|center]]Bowser | ||
| Luigi | |[[File:MKSCLuigiSprite.png|center]]Luigi | ||
| Yoshi | |[[File:MKSCYoshiSprite.png|center]]Yoshi | ||
| Peach | |[[File:MKSCPrincessPeachSprite.png|center]]Peach | ||
| Toad | |[[File:MKSC Toad and Pipe Frame.png|center]]Toad | ||
| Wario | |[[File:MKSCWarioSprite.png|center]]Wario | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Luigi | |[[File:MKSCLuigiSprite.png|center]]Luigi | ||
| Wario | |[[File:MKSCWarioSprite.png|center]]Wario | ||
| Toad | |[[File:MKSC Toad and Pipe Frame.png|center]]Toad | ||
| Yoshi | |[[File:MKSCYoshiSprite.png|center]]Yoshi | ||
| Mario | |[[File:Mario MKSC.png|center]]Mario | ||
| Peach | |[[File:MKSCPrincessPeachSprite.png|center]]Peach | ||
| Donkey Kong | |[[File:MKSCDonkeyKongSprite.png|center]]Donkey Kong | ||
| Bowser | |[[File:MKSC Bowser Sprite.png|center]]Bowser | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Peach | |[[File:MKSCPrincessPeachSprite.png|center]]Peach | ||
| Luigi | |[[File:MKSCLuigiSprite.png|center]]Luigi | ||
| Bowser | |[[File:MKSC Bowser Sprite.png|center]]Bowser | ||
| Donkey Kong | |[[File:MKSCDonkeyKongSprite.png|center]]Donkey Kong | ||
| Yoshi | |[[File:MKSCYoshiSprite.png|center]]Yoshi | ||
| Mario | |[[File:Mario MKSC.png|center]]Mario | ||
| Toad | |[[File:MKSC Toad and Pipe Frame.png|center]]Toad | ||
| Wario | |[[File:MKSCWarioSprite.png|center]]Wario | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Toad | |[[File:MKSC Toad and Pipe Frame.png|center]]Toad | ||
| Peach | |[[File:MKSCPrincessPeachSprite.png|center]]Peach | ||
| Luigi | |[[File:MKSCLuigiSprite.png|center]]Luigi | ||
| Yoshi | |[[File:MKSCYoshiSprite.png|center]]Yoshi | ||
| Mario | |[[File:Mario MKSC.png|center]]Mario | ||
| Wario | |[[File:MKSCWarioSprite.png|center]]Wario | ||
| Donkey Kong | |[[File:MKSCDonkeyKongSprite.png|center]]Donkey Kong | ||
| Bowser | |[[File:MKSC Bowser Sprite.png|center]]Bowser | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Yoshi | |[[File:MKSCYoshiSprite.png|center]]Yoshi | ||
| Peach | |[[File:MKSCPrincessPeachSprite.png|center]]Peach | ||
| Luigi | |[[File:MKSCLuigiSprite.png|center]]Luigi | ||
| Toad | |[[File:MKSC Toad and Pipe Frame.png|center]]Toad | ||
| Mario | |[[File:Mario MKSC.png|center]]Mario | ||
| Wario | |[[File:MKSCWarioSprite.png|center]]Wario | ||
| Donkey Kong | |[[File:MKSCDonkeyKongSprite.png|center]]Donkey Kong | ||
| Bowser | |[[File:MKSC Bowser Sprite.png|center]]Bowser | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Donkey Kong | |[[File:MKSCDonkeyKongSprite.png|center]]Donkey Kong | ||
| Yoshi | |[[File:MKSCYoshiSprite.png|center]]Yoshi | ||
| Bowser | |[[File:MKSC Bowser Sprite.png|center]]Bowser | ||
| Toad | |[[File:MKSC Toad and Pipe Frame.png|center]]Toad | ||
| Luigi | |[[File:MKSCLuigiSprite.png|center]]Luigi | ||
| Peach | |[[File:MKSCPrincessPeachSprite.png|center]]Peach | ||
| Mario | |[[File:Mario MKSC.png|center]]Mario | ||
| Wario | |[[File:MKSCWarioSprite.png|center]]Wario | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Wario | |[[File:MKSCWarioSprite.png|center]]Wario | ||
| Bowser | |[[File:MKSC Bowser Sprite.png|center]]Bowser | ||
| Donkey Kong | |[[File:MKSCDonkeyKongSprite.png|center]]Donkey Kong | ||
| Yoshi | |[[File:MKSCYoshiSprite.png|center]]Yoshi | ||
| Mario | |[[File:Mario MKSC.png|center]]Mario | ||
| Luigi | |[[File:MKSCLuigiSprite.png|center]]Luigi | ||
| Peach | |[[File:MKSCPrincessPeachSprite.png|center]]Peach | ||
| Toad | |[[File:MKSC Toad and Pipe Frame.png|center]]Toad | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Bowser | |[[File:MKSC Bowser Sprite.png|center]]Bowser | ||
| Donkey Kong | |[[File:MKSCDonkeyKongSprite.png|center]]Donkey Kong | ||
| Peach | |[[File:MKSCPrincessPeachSprite.png|center]]Peach | ||
| Mario | |[[File:Mario MKSC.png|center]]Mario | ||
| Yoshi | |[[File:MKSCYoshiSprite.png|center]]Yoshi | ||
| Toad | |[[File:MKSC Toad and Pipe Frame.png|center]]Toad | ||
| Luigi | |[[File:MKSCLuigiSprite.png|center]]Luigi | ||
| Wario | |[[File:MKSCWarioSprite.png|center]]Wario | ||
|} | |} | ||
===''Mario Kart: Double Dash!!''=== | |||
While ''[[Mario Kart: Double Dash!!]]'' has two randomly generated rivals that are consistent throughout the entire cup and is not dependent on their points or standing, the type of rival depends on the engine class of the race and the weight class of the vehicle they are driving. In 50cc, any weight vehicle can be the designated rival while in 100cc, rivals are restricted to middleweight and heavyweight vehicles. In 150cc and Mirror mode, rivals are always heavyweight vehicles. | |||
===''Mario Kart 7''=== | ===''Mario Kart 7''=== | ||
''[[Mario Kart 7]]'' returns to a system similar to ''Super Mario Kart'', although more simple as two characters are set instead of single characters followed by another single character, etc.. | ''[[Mario Kart 7]]'' returns to a system similar to ''Super Mario Kart'', although more simple as two characters are set instead of single characters followed by another single character, etc.. | ||
Each character's rivals will | Each character's rivals will never change; for example, Bowser will always appear in a Grand Prix if the player is playing as Mario. However, if a set character is supposed to be unlockable, the set character is replaced by a default character until the unlockable character can be used. That will make the default character a third rival that occasionally appears in the race. Wario is the only character to break the rule due to both of his rivals being starting characters. | ||
{| | {|style="text-align:center;width:30%" class=wikitable | ||
|- | |||
|- | !width="10%"|Character | ||
!width=" | !width="10%"|Rivals | ||
!width=" | !width="10%"|Third Rival | ||
!width=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Mario.png|link=Mario]] | ||
|[[File:MetalMarioIcon-MK7.png|link=Metal Mario | |[[File:MetalMarioIcon-MK7.png|link=Metal Mario]][[File:MK7 Icon character select Bowser.png|link=Bowser]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Peach.png|link=Princess Peach]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Luigi.png|link=Luigi]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Mario.png|link=Mario]] [[File:MK7 Icon character select Daisy.png|link=Princess Daisy]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Yoshi.png|link=Yoshi]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Peach.png|link=Princess Peach]] | ||
|[[File:LakituIcon-MK7.png|link=Lakitu | |[[File:LakituIcon-MK7.png|link=Lakitu]] [[File:MK7 Icon character select Donkey Kong.png|link=Donkey Kong]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Toad.png|link=Toad]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Yoshi.png|link=Yoshi]] | ||
|[[File:WigglerIcon-MK7.png|link=Wiggler | |[[File:WigglerIcon-MK7.png|link=Wiggler]] [[File:MK7 Icon character select Toad.png|link=Toad]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Donkey Kong.png|link=Donkey Kong]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Bowser.png|link=Bowser]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Mario.png|link=Mario]] [[File:MK7 Icon character select Rosalina.png|link=Rosalina]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Luigi.png|link=Luigi]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Donkey Kong.png|link=Donkey Kong]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Wario.png|link=Wario]] [[File:MK7 Icon character select Koopa Troopa.png|link=Koopa Troopa]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Bowser.png|link=Bowser]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Toad.png|link=Toad]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Rosalina.png|link=Rosalina]] [[File:MK7 Icon character select Peach.png|link=Princess Peach]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Koopa Troopa.png|link=Koopa Troopa]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Koopa Troopa.png|link=Koopa Troopa]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Yoshi.png|link=Yoshi]] [[File:ShyGuyIcon-MK7.png|link=Shy Guy]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Luigi.png|link=Luigi]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Daisy.png|link=Princess Daisy]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Peach.png|link=Princess Peach]] [[File:MK7 Icon character select Wario.png|link=Wario]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Luigi.png|link=Luigi]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Wario.png|link=Wario]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Luigi.png|link=Luigi]] [[File:MK7 Icon character select Mario.png|link=Mario]] | ||
|N/A | |N/A | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Rosalina.png|link=Rosalina]] | ||
|[[File:QueenBeeIcon-MK7.png|link=Honey Queen | |[[File:QueenBeeIcon-MK7.png|link=Honey Queen]] [[File:MK7 Icon character select Peach.png|link=Princess Peach]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Toad.png|link=Toad]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:MetalMarioIcon-MK7.png|link=Metal Mario | |[[File:MetalMarioIcon-MK7.png|link=Metal Mario]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Bowser.png|link=Bowser]] [[File:MK7 Icon character select Rosalina.png|link=Rosalina]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Mario.png|link=Mario]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:ShyGuyIcon-MK7.png|link=Shy Guy | |[[File:ShyGuyIcon-MK7.png|link=Shy Guy]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Toad.png|link=Toad]] [[File:LakituIcon-MK7.png|link=Lakitu]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Koopa Troopa.png|link=Koopa Troopa]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:QueenBeeIcon-MK7.png|link=Honey Queen | |[[File:QueenBeeIcon-MK7.png|link=Honey Queen]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Koopa Troopa.png|link=Koopa Troopa]] [[File:MetalMarioIcon-MK7.png|link=Metal Mario]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Yoshi.png|link=Yoshi]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:WigglerIcon-MK7.png|link=Wiggler | |[[File:WigglerIcon-MK7.png|link=Wiggler]] | ||
|[[File:ShyGuyIcon-MK7.png|link=Shy Guy | |[[File:ShyGuyIcon-MK7.png|link=Shy Guy]] [[File:MK7 Icon character select Yoshi.png|link=Yoshi]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Bowser.png|link=Bowser]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:LakituIcon-MK7.png|link=Lakitu | |[[File:LakituIcon-MK7.png|link=Lakitu]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Donkey Kong.png|link=Donkey Kong]] [[File:QueenBeeIcon-MK7.png|link=Honey Queen]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Mario.png|link=Mario]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Male [[File:Mii | |Male [[File:MK7 Icon character select Mii.png|link=Mii]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Bowser.png|link=Bowser]][[File:MetalMarioIcon-MK7.png|link=Metal Mario]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Mario.png|link=Mario]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Female [[File:Mii | |Female [[File:MK7 Icon character select Mii.png|link=Mii]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Yoshi.png|link=Yoshi]][[File:MK7 Icon character select Rosalina.png|link=Rosalina]] | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:MK7 Icon character select Peach.png|link=Princess Peach]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
===''Mario Kart 8'' / ''Mario Kart 8 Deluxe''=== | ===''Mario Kart 8'' / ''Mario Kart 8 Deluxe''=== | ||
''Mario Kart 8'' uses a | ''[[Mario Kart 8]]'' uses a rival system similar to its predecessor, with several alterations. A set rival system is present only in the Grand Prix mode of the game; all other modes, including single player VS and battle are not affected and have randomized CPU opponents. Furthermore, only the original characters from the E3 build of the game receive a set system of rivals (Mario, Luigi, Peach, [[Princess Daisy|Daisy]], Yoshi, Wario, Donkey Kong, Bowser, Koopa Troopa, [[Waluigi]], Toad, and [[Toadette]]). The rest of the playable characters do not have a rival system of any sort, and all of their opponents in any modes are randomized. If there is more than one player participating in a Grand Prix, the first player's character determines whether there is a rival system or not, and what specific rivals the game gives the character. If other players choose the rival characters, the rivals are replaced by another, random character. | ||
{| | {|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;width:100%"align=center | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !colspan="2"width="25%"|Column 1 | ||
! | !colspan="2"width="25%"|Column 2 | ||
! | !colspan="2"width="25%"|Column 3 | ||
! | !colspan="2"width="25%"|Column 4 | ||
! | |- | ||
! | !width="4%"|Player | ||
!width="8%"|Opponent(s) | |||
!width="4%"|Player | |||
!width="8%"|Opponent(s) | |||
!width="4%"|Player | |||
!width="8%"|Opponent(s) | |||
!width="4%"|Player | |||
!width="8%"|Opponent(s) | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[File:MK8 Mario Icon.png|link=Mario|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Peach Icon.png|link=Princess Peach|32x32px|Peach]][[File:MK8 Bowser Icon.png|link=Bowser|32x32px]] | ![[File:MK8 Mario Icon.png|link=Mario|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Peach Icon.png|link=Princess Peach|32x32px|Peach]][[File:MK8 Bowser Icon.png|link=Bowser|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8 Luigi Icon.png|link=Luigi|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Mario Icon.png|link=Mario|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Daisy Icon.png|link=Princess Daisy|32x32px|Daisy]] | |||
![[File:MK8 Peach Icon.png|link=Princess Peach|32x32px|Peach]]||[[File:MK8 Toad Icon.png|link=Toad|32x32px]][[File:MK8 DKong Icon.png|link=Donkey Kong|32x32px]] | |||
![[File:MK8 Daisy Icon.png|link=Princess Daisy|32x32px|Daisy]]||[[File:MK8 Peach Icon.png|link=Princess Peach|32x32px|Peach]][[File:MK8 Waluigi Icon.png|link=Waluigi|32x32px]] | |||
|- | |||
![[File:MK8 Yoshi Icon.png|link=Yoshi|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Toad Icon.png|link=Toad|32x32px]][[File:MK8 DKong Icon.png|link=Donkey Kong|32x32px]] | ![[File:MK8 Yoshi Icon.png|link=Yoshi|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Toad Icon.png|link=Toad|32x32px]][[File:MK8 DKong Icon.png|link=Donkey Kong|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8 Toad Icon.png|link=Toad|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Koopa Icon.png|link=Koopa|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Waluigi Icon.png|link=Waluigi|32x32px]] | |||
![[File:MK8 Koopa Icon.png|link=Koopa Troopa|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Yoshi Icon.png|link=Yoshi|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Toad Icon.png|link=Toad|32x32px]] | |||
![[File:MK8 Toadette Icon.png|link=Toadette|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Yoshi Icon.png|link=Yoshi|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Wario Icon.png|link=Wario|32x32px]] | |||
|- | |||
![[File:MK8 Bowser Icon.png|link=Bowser|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Mario Icon.png|link=Mario|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Luigi Icon.png|link=Luigi|32x32px]] | ![[File:MK8 Bowser Icon.png|link=Bowser|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Mario Icon.png|link=Mario|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Luigi Icon.png|link=Luigi|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8 DKong Icon.png|link=Donkey Kong|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Bowser Icon.png|link=Bowser|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Wario Icon.png|link=Wario|32x32px]] | ![[File:MK8 DKong Icon.png|link=Donkey Kong|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Bowser Icon.png|link=Bowser|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Wario Icon.png|link=Wario|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8 Wario Icon.png|link=Wario|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Mario Icon.png|link=Mario|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Daisy Icon.png|link=Princess Daisy|32x32px|Daisy]] | ![[File:MK8 Wario Icon.png|link=Wario|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Mario Icon.png|link=Mario|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Daisy Icon.png|link=Princess Daisy|32x32px|Daisy]] | ||
![[File:MK8 Waluigi Icon.png|link=Waluigi|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Luigi Icon.png|link=Luigi|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Toadette Icon.png|link=Toadette|32x32px]] | ![[File:MK8 Waluigi Icon.png|link=Waluigi|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Luigi Icon.png|link=Luigi|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Toadette Icon.png|link=Toadette|32x32px]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
''[[Mario Kart 8 Deluxe]]'' uses the same system, although more characters have been given rivals. | ''[[Mario Kart 8 Deluxe]]'' uses the same system, although some existing rivals have been swapped, and more characters have been given rivals. | ||
{| | {|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;width:100%"align=center | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=" | !colspan="2"width="25%"|Column 1 | ||
!colspan="2"width="25%"|Column 2 | |||
!colspan="2"width="25%"|Column 3 | |||
!colspan="2"width="25%"|Column 4 | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | !width="4%"|Player | ||
! | !width="8%"|Opponent(s) | ||
! | !width="4%"|Player | ||
! | !width="8%"|Opponent(s) | ||
! | !width="4%"|Player | ||
! | !width="8%"|Opponent(s) | ||
!width="4%"|Player | |||
!width="8%"|Opponent(s) | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[File:MK8 Mario Icon.png|link=Mario|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Peach Icon.png|link=Princess Peach|32x32px|Peach]][[File:MK8 Bowser Icon.png|link=Bowser|32x32px]] | ![[File:MK8 Mario Icon.png|link=Mario|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Peach Icon.png|link=Princess Peach|32x32px|Peach]][[File:MK8 Bowser Icon.png|link=Bowser|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8 Luigi Icon.png|link=Luigi|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Mario Icon.png|link=Mario|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Daisy Icon.png|link=Princess Daisy|32x32px|Daisy]] | |||
![[File:MK8 Peach Icon.png|link=Princess Peach|32x32px|Peach]]||[[File:MK8 Toad Icon.png|link=Toad|32x32px]][[File:MK8 DKong Icon.png|link=Donkey Kong|32x32px]] | |||
![[File:MK8 Daisy Icon.png|link=Princess Daisy|32x32px|Daisy]]||[[File:MK8 Peach Icon.png|link=Princess Peach|32x32px|Peach]][[File:MK8 Waluigi Icon.png|link=Waluigi|32x32px]] | |||
|- | |||
![[File:MK8 Yoshi Icon.png|link=Yoshi|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Toad Icon.png|link=Toad|32x32px]][[File:MK8 DKong Icon.png|link=Donkey Kong|32x32px]] | |||
![[File:MK8 Toad Icon.png|link=Toad|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Koopa Icon.png|link=Koopa|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Waluigi Icon.png|link=Waluigi|32x32px]] | |||
![[File:MK8 Koopa Icon.png|link=Koopa Troopa|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Yoshi Icon.png|link=Yoshi|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Toad Icon.png|link=Toad|32x32px]] | |||
![[File:MK8 ShyGuy Icon.png|link=Shy Guy|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Yoshi Icon.png|link=Yoshi|32x32px]] | |||
|- | |||
![[File:MK8 BabyMario Icon.png|link=Baby Mario|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Bowser Jr Icon.png|link=Bowser Jr.|32x32px]][[File:MK8 BabyPeach Icon.png|link=Baby Peach|32x32px]] | ![[File:MK8 BabyMario Icon.png|link=Baby Mario|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Bowser Jr Icon.png|link=Bowser Jr.|32x32px]][[File:MK8 BabyPeach Icon.png|link=Baby Peach|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8 BabyLuigi Icon.png|link=Baby Luigi|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 BabyMario Icon.png|link=Baby Mario|32x32px]][[File:MK8 BabyDaisy Icon.png|link=Baby Daisy|32x32px]] | |||
![[File:MK8 BabyPeach Icon.png|link=Baby Peach|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 BabyMario Icon.png|link=Baby Mario|32x32px]][[File:MK8 BabyDaisy Icon.png|link=Baby Daisy|32x32px]] | |||
![[File:MK8 BabyDaisy Icon.png|link=Baby Daisy|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 BabyPeach Icon.png|link=Baby Peach|32x32px]][[File:MK8 BabyLuigi Icon.png|link=Baby Luigi|32x32px]] | |||
|- | |||
![[File:MK8 Wario Icon.png|link=Wario|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Mario Icon.png|link=Mario|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Daisy Icon.png|link=Princess Daisy|32x32px|Daisy]] | |||
![[File:MK8 Waluigi Icon.png|link=Waluigi|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Luigi Icon.png|link=Luigi|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Toadette Icon.png|link=Toadette|32x32px]] | |||
![[File:MK8 DKong Icon.png|link=Donkey Kong|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Bowser Icon.png|link=Bowser|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Wario Icon.png|link=Wario|32x32px]] | |||
![[File:MK8 Bowser Icon.png|link=Bowser|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Mario Icon.png|link=Mario|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Luigi Icon.png|link=Luigi|32x32px]] | |||
|- | |||
![[File:MK8 Lemmy Icon.png|link=Lemmy Koopa|Lemmy|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Larry Icon.png|link=Larry Koopa|Larry|32x32px]] | ![[File:MK8 Lemmy Icon.png|link=Lemmy Koopa|Lemmy|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Larry Icon.png|link=Larry Koopa|Larry|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8 Larry Icon.png|link=Larry Koopa|Larry|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Lemmy Icon.png|link=Lemmy Koopa|Lemmy|32x32px]] | |||
![[File:MK8 Wendy Icon.png|link=Wendy O. Koopa|Wendy|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Daisy Icon.png|link=Princess Daisy|32x32px|Daisy]][[File:MK8 Peach Icon.png|link=Princess Peach|32x32px|Peach]] | |||
![[File:MK8 Ludwig Icon.png|link=Ludwig von Koopa|Ludwig|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Iggy Icon.png|link=Iggy Koopa|Iggy|32x32px]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[File: | ![[File:MK8DX Female Inkling Icon.png|link=Inkling|Inkling Girl|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8DX Male Inkling Icon.png|link=Inkling|Inkling Boy|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8 | ![[File:VillagerMale-Icon-MK8.png|link=Villager|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Isabelle Icon.png|link=Isabelle|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8 Isabelle Icon.png|link=Isabelle|32x32px]]||[[File:VillagerFemale-Icon-MK8.png|link=Villager|32x32px]] | |||
![[File:MK8D BotW Link Icon.png|link=Link|32x32px]]||None | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | !colspan="2"width="25%"|Column 5 | ||
! | !colspan="2"width="25%"|Column 6 | ||
! | !colspan="2"width="25%"|Column 7 | ||
!colspan="2"width="25%"|Column 8 | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | !width="4%"|Player | ||
! | !width="8%"|Opponent(s) | ||
! | !width="4%"|Player | ||
!width="8%"|Opponent(s) | |||
!width="4%"|Player | |||
!width="8%"|Opponent(s) | |||
!width="4%"|Player | |||
!width="8%"|Opponent(s) | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[File:MK8 Rosalina Icon.png|link=Rosalina|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Toad Icon.png|link=Toad|32x32px]] | ![[File:MK8 Rosalina Icon.png|link=Rosalina|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Toad Icon.png|link=Toad|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8 Tanooki Mario Icon.png|link=Tanooki Mario|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Cat Peach Icon.png|link=Cat Mario|Cat Peach|32x32px]] | ![[File:MK8 Tanooki Mario Icon.png|link=Tanooki Mario|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Cat Peach Icon.png|link=Cat Mario|Cat Peach|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8 Cat Peach Icon.png|link=Cat Mario|Cat Peach|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Tanooki Mario Icon.png|link=Tanooki Mario|32x32px]] | ![[File:MK8 Cat Peach Icon.png|link=Cat Mario|Cat Peach|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Tanooki Mario Icon.png|link=Tanooki Mario|32x32px]] | ||
![[File: | ![[File:MK8D Birdo Icon.png|32x32px|link=Birdo|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Yoshi Icon.png|link=Yoshi|32x32px|Yoshi]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[File:MK8 | ![[File:MK8 Lakitu Icon.png|link=Lakitu|32x32px]]||None | ||
![[File:MK8 Toadette Icon.png|link=Toadette|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Yoshi Icon.png|link=Yoshi|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Wario Icon.png|link=Wario|32x32px]] | |||
![[File:MK8DX | ![[File:MK8DX King Boo Icon.png|link=King Boo|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8DX Petey Piranha Icon.png|32x32px|link=Petey Piranha|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8DX Petey Piranha Icon.png|32x32px|link=Petey Piranha|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8DX King Boo Icon.png|32x32px|link=King Boo|32x32px]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[File:MK8 | ![[File:MK8 BabyRosalina Icon.png|link=Baby Rosalina|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Toadette Icon.png|link=Toadette|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8 MMario Icon.png|link=Metal Mario|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 PGPeach Icon.png|link=Pink Gold Peach|32x32px]] | |||
![[File:MK8DX | ![[File:MK8 PGPeach Icon.png|link=Pink Gold Peach|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 MMario Icon.png|link=Metal Mario|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8DX Wiggler Icon.png|32x32px|link=Wiggler|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Yoshi Icon.png|32x32px|link=Yoshi|32x32px]][[File:MK8 ShyGuy Icon.png|32x32px|link=Shy Guy|32x32px]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[File: | ![[File:MK8DX Dry Bones Icon.png|link=Dry Bones|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Koopa Icon.png|link=Koopa Troopa|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Dry Bowser Icon.png|link=Dry Bowser|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8 | ![[File:MK8 Bowser Jr Icon.png|link=Bowser Jr.|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Peach Icon.png|link=Princess Peach|32x32px|Peach]] | ||
![[File: | ![[File:MK8 Dry Bowser Icon.png|link=Dry Bowser|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8DX Dry Bones Icon.png|link=Dry Bones|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8DX Kamek Icon.png|32x32px|link=Kamek|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Bowser Jr Icon.png|link=Bowser Jr.|32x32px]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[File:MK8 | ![[File:MK8 Iggy Icon.png|link=Iggy Koopa|Iggy|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Ludwig Icon.png|link=Ludwig von Koopa|Ludwig|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8 | ![[File:MK8 Roy Icon.png|link=Roy Koopa|Roy|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Morton Icon.png|link=Morton Koopa Jr.|Morton|32x32px]] | ||
![[File: | ![[File:MK8 Morton Icon.png|link=Morton Koopa Jr.|Morton|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Roy Icon.png|link=Roy Koopa|Roy|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8DX Peachette Icon.png|link=Peachette|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 Yoshi Icon.png|32x32px|link=Yoshi|32x32px]][[File:MK8 Wario Icon.png|link=Wario|32x32px]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[File: | ![[File:MK8DX Diddy Kong Icon.png|link=Diddy Kong|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 DKong Icon.png|link=Donkey Kong|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8DX | ![[File:MK8DX Funky Kong Icon.png|link=Funky Kong|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 DKong Icon.png|link=Donkey Kong|32x32px]] | ||
![[File:MK8DX Pauline Icon.png|link=Pauline|32x32px]]||[[File:MK8 DKong Icon.png|link=Donkey Kong|32x32px]] | |||
![[File:Mii_MK8.png|link=Mii|32x32px]]||None | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | !colspan="8"width="25%"|Variants | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[File:MK8DX | !colspan="2"|[[File:MK8DX Male Inkling Icon.png|link=Inkling|Inkling Boy|32x32px]]||colspan="2"|[[File:MK8DX Female Inkling Icon.png|link=Inkling|Inkling Girl|32x32px]] | ||
!colspan="2"|[[File:VillagerFemale-Icon-MK8.png|link=Villager|32x32px]]||colspan="2"|[[File:VillagerMale-Icon-MK8.png|link=Villager|32x32px]] | |||
|} | |} | ||
Line 326: | Line 380: | ||
[[Category:Game mechanics]] | [[Category:Game mechanics]] | ||
[[Category:Famicom Grand Prix: F1 Race]] | |||
[[Category:Mario Kart 64]] | [[Category:Mario Kart 64]] | ||
[[Category:Mario Kart 7]] | [[Category:Mario Kart 7]] | ||
[[Category:Mario Kart 8]] | [[Category:Mario Kart 8]] | ||
[[Category:Mario Kart: Super Circuit]] | [[Category:Mario Kart: Super Circuit]] | ||
[[Category:Super Mario Kart]] | [[Category:Super Mario Kart]] |
Latest revision as of 08:23, September 13, 2024
It has been requested that this article be rewritten and expanded to include more information. Reason: The way the system works in 64/7 is certainly a lot more complex than how it's being described here.
The rival[1] system is a recurring game mechanic in the Mario Kart series where one or more computer-controlled opponents are given a massive advantage to ensure the point standings in the tournament grid are always close. Some implementations of the system may also dictate the rank order of the entire grid and not just the CPU closest to the player. It is usually enforced through rubber band AI, a racing game convention where opponents get a speed boost (often beyond what the in-game statistics for the character would allow) when they fall too far behind the player. Rival characters may be given other advantages, such as recovering faster from hits and getting better item probability.
History
Famicom Grand Prix: F1 Race
Famicom Grand Prix: F1 Race is the first game to introduce this concept to the Super Mario franchise, having a set order the unique CPU contenders stay in. The one in the lead, Michel Rumble, acts very much akin to rivals in the later Mario Kart series, always staying very far ahead and first (to the point that he will often not be reachable until midway through the second lap) and getting a noticeable speed boost when behind, though it is not as major as many later examples. Aside from the six named opponents, several identical filler cars appear scattered between and lagging behind.
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Michel Rumble |
Antonio Zico |
George Turbo |
Bronco Maccini |
Howard Axel |
Panther Pedalf |
Super Mario Kart
In Super Mario Kart, rivals contain one very fast driver, one fast driver, one medium driver, one slow driver, and three very slow drivers. It is notable that when one of the three slowest drivers gets hit, that kart keeps its place, while when one of the faster cars gets shot, it usually resumes its previous place very quickly unless unable to catch up fast enough before the race ends. For this reason, the drivers (except the human racer) will (if unaffected) always finish in the same order. If the human-controlled player tries to hit an opponent, said opponent hops over the item a majority of the time. The rivals are also not determined in pairs, so that even if Donkey Kong Jr. is Mario's rival, Mario will not be Donkey Kong Jr.'s rival, as shown in the table below.
The rivals for each driver are always the same. The list below will be in that exact order for the first race. It is possible to change the order if the rivals cannot recover their place at the end (for example, if someone is playing as Luigi and Yoshi finishes last, Yoshi will then become one of the three slower drivers while everybody takes the next position up). It happens mostly on 100cc and 150cc.
The rivals are determined by the current points standing, meaning that if Yoshi was still only second to the player, he will boost back to first position from the start.
Character | Rival Order | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very Fast | Fast | Medium | Slow | Very Slow | |||
Mario |
Donkey Kong Jr. |
Princess |
Yoshi |
Luigi |
Toad |
Bowser |
Koopa Troopa |
Luigi |
Yoshi |
Mario |
Bowser |
Koopa Troopa |
Princess |
Donkey Kong Jr. |
Toad |
Princess |
Bowser |
Toad |
Mario |
Donkey Kong Jr. |
Luigi |
Yoshi |
Koopa Troopa |
Yoshi |
Koopa Troopa |
Donkey Kong Jr. |
Princess |
Bowser |
Mario |
Toad |
Luigi |
Bowser |
Mario |
Luigi |
Princess |
Yoshi |
Donkey Kong Jr. |
Toad |
Koopa Troopa |
Donkey Kong Jr. |
Toad |
Bowser |
Koopa Troopa |
Luigi |
Princess |
Mario |
Yoshi |
Koopa Troopa |
Luigi |
Yoshi |
Princess |
Mario |
Bowser |
Donkey Kong Jr. |
Toad |
Toad |
Princess |
Donkey Kong Jr. |
Mario |
Yoshi |
Luigi |
Koopa Troopa |
Bowser |
Mario Kart 64
- This section is a stub. You can help the Super Mario Wiki by expanding it.
Mario Kart 64 and most of the subsequent installments (beside Mario Kart: Super Circuit) until Mario Kart 7 employ a simpler variation where one or two random opponents are selected at the start of a Grand Prix to be of much greater skill than the other racers. Rival racers have strong rubber-band AI.
Mario Kart: Super Circuit
Mario Kart: Super Circuit features a preset order of CPU opponents from slowest to fastest for each character in Grand Prix mode. In Quick Run mode, the orders are reversed, except in the first track of each cup. During Grand Prix in multiplayer, the rival order depends on the first player's character.
Player | Fastest | 2nd-fastest | 3rd-fastest | 4th-fastest | 3rd-slowest | 2nd-slowest | Slowest |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mario | Donkey Kong | Bowser | Luigi | Yoshi | Peach | Toad | Wario |
Luigi | Wario | Toad | Yoshi | Mario | Peach | Donkey Kong | Bowser |
Peach | Luigi | Bowser | Donkey Kong | Yoshi | Mario | Toad | Wario |
Toad | Peach | Luigi | Yoshi | Mario | Wario | Donkey Kong | Bowser |
Yoshi | Peach | Luigi | Toad | Mario | Wario | Donkey Kong | Bowser |
Donkey Kong | Yoshi | Bowser | Toad | Luigi | Peach | Mario | Wario |
Wario | Bowser | Donkey Kong | Yoshi | Mario | Luigi | Peach | Toad |
Bowser | Donkey Kong | Peach | Mario | Yoshi | Toad | Luigi | Wario |
Mario Kart: Double Dash!!
While Mario Kart: Double Dash!! has two randomly generated rivals that are consistent throughout the entire cup and is not dependent on their points or standing, the type of rival depends on the engine class of the race and the weight class of the vehicle they are driving. In 50cc, any weight vehicle can be the designated rival while in 100cc, rivals are restricted to middleweight and heavyweight vehicles. In 150cc and Mirror mode, rivals are always heavyweight vehicles.
Mario Kart 7
Mario Kart 7 returns to a system similar to Super Mario Kart, although more simple as two characters are set instead of single characters followed by another single character, etc..
Each character's rivals will never change; for example, Bowser will always appear in a Grand Prix if the player is playing as Mario. However, if a set character is supposed to be unlockable, the set character is replaced by a default character until the unlockable character can be used. That will make the default character a third rival that occasionally appears in the race. Wario is the only character to break the rule due to both of his rivals being starting characters.
Character | Rivals | Third Rival |
---|---|---|
N/A | ||
Male | ||
Female |
Mario Kart 8 / Mario Kart 8 Deluxe
Mario Kart 8 uses a rival system similar to its predecessor, with several alterations. A set rival system is present only in the Grand Prix mode of the game; all other modes, including single player VS and battle are not affected and have randomized CPU opponents. Furthermore, only the original characters from the E3 build of the game receive a set system of rivals (Mario, Luigi, Peach, Daisy, Yoshi, Wario, Donkey Kong, Bowser, Koopa Troopa, Waluigi, Toad, and Toadette). The rest of the playable characters do not have a rival system of any sort, and all of their opponents in any modes are randomized. If there is more than one player participating in a Grand Prix, the first player's character determines whether there is a rival system or not, and what specific rivals the game gives the character. If other players choose the rival characters, the rivals are replaced by another, random character.
Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 | Column 4 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Player | Opponent(s) | Player | Opponent(s) | Player | Opponent(s) | Player | Opponent(s) |
Mario Kart 8 Deluxe uses the same system, although some existing rivals have been swapped, and more characters have been given rivals.
References
- ^ "Tip #2: Watch the Computer Rival: During the Grand Prix, you'll see after two races that a computer rival is consistently in first place or second place behind you (assuming you're first!). This rival is the one to gun for in future races to make sure he doesn't steal your lead." – Hodgson, David S. (November 25, 2003). Mario Kart: Double Dash PRIMA's Official Strategy Guide. Prima Games (American English). ISBN 0-7615-4424-0. Page 11.