Editing Koopa (species)

|notable=[[Motley Bossblob]]<br>[[Tutankoopa]]

Most Koopas operate in a hierarchy-based grouping system. Bowser is the leader of a large army of [[Bowser's Minions|minions]], which has invaded the [[Mushroom Kingdom]] many times and has control over most of the Koopas in the [[Super Mario (franchise)|''Super Mario'' franchise]], beginning in ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' Many of these same Koopas are members of Bowser's Minions and have different tasks in the organization based on the abilities of their particular class. For example, Koopa Troopas tend to be assigned as basic foot soldiers alongside [[Goomba]]s due to their lack of specialized offensive capabilities, while [[Magikoopa]]s are often given advisory roles due to their magical abilities and gift of foresight.

Koopas are named from [[Koopa (Bowser's species)|the species]] that [[Bowser]] belongs to due to an inconsistency in localization. According to an interpretation of the story of the original game's Japanese manual<ref>[https://www.nintendo.co.jp/clv/manuals/ja/pdf/CLV-P-HAAAJ.pdf ''Super Mario Bros.'' Japanese instruction booklet]. The line in particular is 「強力な魔法を操る大ガメクッパの一族」 which, due to the various meanings of 「の」, can be interpreted as both ''the tribe of the great turtle Koopa who uses powerful magic'' or ''the Koopa tribe, great turtles who use powerful magic''. Retrieved May 10, 2018.</ref> during the English localization that saw ''Koopa'' (クッパ) as the name of the group of turtles instead of the name of Bowser, they were known for their "black magic."<ref>[https://legendsoflocalization.com/media/super-mario-bros/manuals/Super-Mario-Bros-Manual-US.pdf ''Super Mario Bros.'' North American instruction booklet], page 2.</ref> Said interpretation has since been rectified, with ''Koopa'' being acknowledged to be the Japanese name of Bowser,<ref>[https://mario.nintendo.com/history/ ''History'' section of the ''Official Home of Mario'']. Note how the rectified story of ''Super Mario Bros.'' now states ''The Mushroom Kingdom was the peaceful home of the Toads until the day Bowser and his wicked minions invaded. Using powerful magic, Bowser™ transformed the Toads into bricks and quickly conquered the land.'' Retrieved May 10, 2018.</ref> but the concept of ''Koopas'' as a group of turtles in {{wp|Western world|the West}} remains,<ref>[https://mario.nintendo.com/characters/ Bowser's bio in the ''Official Home of Mario''] states ''The king of the Koopas dreams of ruling the Mushroom Kingdom, and only Mario and his brave friends stand in his way!''. Retrieved May 10, 2018.</ref> while [[Nintendo]] of Japan consistently refers to Koopa as the name of Bowser and to the Turtle Tribe (カメ{{ruby|族|ぞく}}) as the group to which the various turtles belong.<ref>As can be seen both by {{file link|SMCE pages 88 89.png|this diagram of Bowser's Minions on pages 88 and 89 of the ''Super Mario Zen Hyakka'' (「スーパーマリオ全百科」, Super Mario Complete Encyclopedia)}} and the [https://www.nintendo.co.jp/character/mario/characters/index.html current bio of Bowser in the ''Mario Portal''].</ref> This inconsistency has also led to [[Koopa Troopa]]s commonly being called "Koopas" for short in many Western releases, despite its established wider application and it instead being Bowser's name in Japan.

'''Koopa Troopas''' (often shortened to plain '''Koopas''' and occasionally to '''Troopas''') are common enemies in the ''Super Mario'' franchise. Koopa Troopas are usually displayed as foot soldiers of Bowser's Minions under his direct leadership. They typically have no special offensive abilities, rather simply walking forwards slowly. Usually, jumping on them causes them to retreat into their [[Koopa Shell|shell]]s, though sometimes they may be removed from their shells instead. Either way, shells can be kicked, causing them to slide along the ground and bounce off walls, or carried around for use elsewhere. Throughout the ''Super Mario'' franchise, Koopa Troopas have walked on four legs or two legs. Since their debut in ''Super Mario Bros.'', Koopa Troopas have appeared in almost every game in the franchise, usually as enemies, but also as playable characters in numerous spin-offs.

'''Magikoopas''' (also referred to as '''Kameks''') can cast spells and fly on broomsticks. They are generally considered to be high-ranking members of the Koopa Troop. They wear glasses and wizard's garb: typically blue robes and hats, though Magikoopas specializing in different forms of magic sport different colors. Aside from their heads, which have slightly larger beaks than those of their normal counterparts, little is known about the Magikoopa's external structure due to their robes, though the contours of their shells can be slightly seen on their backs. [[Kamek]], Bowser's main advisor, is the most recurring Magikoopa character, although he has occasionally been misidentified as a regular Magikoopa and vice-versa.

'''Rocky Wrenches''' are enemies and pop out of manhole covers on [[airship]]s at random. They were stated to be a mole-like type of Koopa during ''[[Super Mario Bros. 3]]'',<ref>{{cite|quote=「モグラようなカメ{{ruby|族|ぞく}}。{{ruby|穴|あな}}からニョキッと{{ruby|出|で}}てきてスパナを{{ruby|投|な}}げてくる。{{ruby|飛行船|ひこうせん}}の{{ruby|乗組員|のりくみいん}}だ。」 ("''Mole-like members of the Turtle Tribe. They will pop out of a hole to throw their spanner. They are the maintenance crew of the airship.''")|title=''Super Mario Bros. 3'' Japanese instruction booklet|language=ja|page=38}}</ref><ref>{{cite|date=1990|quote="''Rocky is a turtle who kind of looks like a mole. He will suddenly appear and start to throw wrenches at Mario.''"|title=''Super Mario Bros. 3'' instruction booklet|publisher=Nintendo of America|language=en-us|page=37}}</ref> though their various derivatives, such as [[Monty Mole]]s, are depicted as true moles. Between ''[[New Super Mario Bros. Wii]]'' and ''[[Mario Kart Tour]]'', they were given a shell-less design resembling Monty Moles, though a further redesign in ''[[Mario Kart 8 Deluxe – Booster Course Pass]]'' returned the shell. Despite this, the original description has not been reused since materials for ''Super Mario Bros. 3'', and other non-turtle creatures wearing shells have been introduced in the interim.