Editing Koopa (species)

|image=[[File:SuperMarioParty KoopaTroopa.png|200x200px]]<br>A [[Koopa Troopa]], the most common and basic type of Koopa

|latest_appearance=''[[Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door (Nintendo Switch)|Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door]]'' ([[Nintendo Switch]]) ([[List of games by date#2024|2024]])

|variants=[[Boom Boom]]<br>[[Buzzy Beetle]]<br>[[Chargin' Chuck]]<br>[[Hammer Bro]]<br>[[Koopa (Bowser's species)]]<br>[[Koopa Striker]]<br>[[Koopa Troopa]]<br>[[Lakitu]]<br>[[Magikoopa]]<br>[[Rocky Wrench]]<br>[[Shova]]<br>[[Spike]]<br>[[Spiny]]<br>[[Sumo Bro]]

'''Koopas''' (once "the Koopa")<ref>{{cite|language=en-us|date=1985|publisher=Nintendo of America|author=Nintendo|title=''Super Mario Bros.'' instruction booklet|page=2}}</ref> are a species of anthropomorphic turtles that form the '''Turtle Tribe''' (also known as the '''Koopa clan''' or '''Koopa tribe'''). There are many different types of Koopas, the most common being [[Koopa Troopa]]s; they are specifically named for [[Koopa (Bowser's species)|the species]] that [[Bowser]] belongs to due to an inconsistency in localization.

Most Koopas operate in a hierarchy-based grouping system. Bowser is the leader of a large army of [[Bowser's Minions|minions]], which has invaded the [[Mushroom Kingdom]] many times and has control over most of the Koopas in the [[Super Mario (franchise)|''Super Mario'' franchise]], beginning in ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'', where, according to an interpretation of the story of the game's Japanese manual<ref>[https://www.nintendo.co.jp/clv/manuals/ja/pdf/CLV-P-HAAAJ.pdf ''Super Mario Bros.'' Japanese instruction booklet]. The line in particular is 「強力な魔法を操る大ガメクッパの一族」 which, due to the various meanings of 「の」, can be interpreted as both ''the tribe of the great turtle Koopa who uses powerful magic'' or ''the Koopa tribe, great turtles who use powerful magic''. Retrieved May 10, 2018.</ref> during the English localization that saw ''Koopa'' (クッパ) as the name of the group of turtles instead of the name of Bowser, they were known for their "black magic."<ref>[https://legendsoflocalization.com/media/super-mario-bros/manuals/Super-Mario-Bros-Manual-US.pdf ''Super Mario Bros.'' North American instruction booklet], page 2.</ref> Said interpretation has since been rectified, with ''Koopa'' being acknowledged to be the Japanese name of Bowser,<ref>[https://mario.nintendo.com/history/ ''History'' section of the ''Official Home of Mario'']. Note how the rectified story of ''Super Mario Bros.'' now states ''The Mushroom Kingdom was the peaceful home of the Toads until the day Bowser and his wicked minions invaded. Using powerful magic, Bowser™ transformed the Toads into bricks and quickly conquered the land.'' Retrieved May 10, 2018.</ref> but the concept of ''Koopas'' as a group of turtles in {{wp|Western world|the West}} remains,<ref>[https://mario.nintendo.com/characters/ Bowser's bio in the ''Official Home of Mario''] states ''The king of the Koopas dreams of ruling the Mushroom Kingdom, and only Mario and his brave friends stand in his way!''. Retrieved May 10, 2018.</ref> while [[Nintendo]] of Japan consistently refers to Koopa as the name of Bowser and to the Turtle Tribe (カメ{{ruby|族|ぞく}}) as the group to which the various turtles belong.<ref>As can be seen both by {{file link|SMCE pages 88 89.png|this diagram of the Koopa Troop on pages 88 and 89 of the ''Super Mario Zen Hyakka'' (「スーパーマリオ全百科」, Super Mario Complete Encyclopedia)}} and the [https://www.nintendo.co.jp/character/mario/characters/index.html current bio of Bowser in the ''Mario Portal''].</ref> Many of these same Koopas are members of the Koopa Troop and have different tasks in the organization based on the abilities of their particular class. For example, Koopa Troopas tend to be assigned as basic foot soldiers alongside [[Goomba]]s due to their lack of specialized offensive capabilities, while [[Magikoopa]]s are often given advisory roles due to their magical abilities and gift of foresight.

Koopas in general are based on the [[Shellcreeper]]s from ''[[Mario Bros. (game)|Mario Bros.]]'', as evident by various enemies being tentatively named and designed after Shellcreepers in development documents of ''Super Mario Bros.''<ref>{{cite|author=Nintendo of America|date=September 14, 2015|url=www.youtube.com/watch?v=C73f618-3pk&t=2517s|timestamp=41:57|title=Nintendo Digital Event @ E3 2015|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=June 5, 2024}}</ref> ''[[Mario Mania]]'' indicates that Koopa Troopas and [[Koopa Paratroopa]]s were previously Shellcreepers.<ref>{{cite|language=en-us|date=August 1991|title=Nintendo ''[[Mario Mania]]'' Player's Guide|page=13|quote=These fighting turtles first appeared in Mario Bros. as Shellcreepers, then became Koopa Troopas and Koopa Paratroopas in the Super Mario Bros. series.}}</ref> At least one source, ''[[Perfect Edition of the Great Mario Character Encyclopedia|Perfect Ban Mario Character Daijiten]]'', lists Shellcreepers among the Turtle Tribe while simultaneously stating that they are the roots originating the whole Turtle Tribe.<ref>{{cite|date=1994|language=ja|title=''Perfect Ban Mario Character Daijiten''|page=[https://imgur.com/aNvk8LY 55]}}</ref> Additionally, ''[[Super Smash Bros. for Wii U]]'' states that Koopa Troopas (referred to simply as "Koopas" in English versions) are apparently evolved from Shellcreepers.<ref>{{cite|quote=The Koopa is apparently an evolved form of this veteran of Mario Bros.|author=Shellcreeper trophy|title=NTSC ''Super Smash Bros. for Wii U''}}</ref><ref>{{cite|quote=A true veteran from way back in Mario Bros., this guy even predates Koopas, which apparently it evolved into.|author=Shellcreeper trophy|title=PAL ''Super Smash Bros. for Wii U''}}</ref><ref>{{cite|author=Treat4567|date=December 28, 2014|url=youtu.be/Kjy7Gd4cjrM?t=158|timestamp=2:38|title=<nowiki>[スマブラWiiU]</nowiki> フィギュア 全716種まとめ|publisher=YouTube|language=ja|accessdate=June 5, 2024}}</ref>

===Buzzy Beetle===

[[File:NSMBU Buzzy Beetle Artwork.png|thumb|150x150px]]

Buzzy Beetles are found generally in caves and other dark areas. They are known to be immune to fireballs, and they can climb on walls and ceilings, and they can drop from ceilings if Mario or others approach them closely enough. As with Koopa Troopas, Buzzy Beetles hide inside their shell if Mario or others stomp on them, letting their shells be used.

;Other Buzzy Beetle species

{{columns|count=2|

*[[Big Buzzy Beetle]]

**[[Big Bony Beetle]]

*[[Bony Beetle]]

**[[Big Bony Beetle]]

*[[Buster Beetle]]

*[[Buzz-Bomb]]

*[[Magmite]]

**[[Magmus]]

*[[Noko Bombette]]

*[[Para-Beetle]]

**[[Heavy Para-Beetle]]

**[[Spiky Parabuzzy]]

*[[Spike Top]]

**[[Dark Spike Top]]

**[[M. M-Spike Top]]

**[[Spike Top#Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door|Red Spike Top]]

**[[Spiky Parabuzzy]]

*[[Shiny Buzzy Beetle]]

*[[Small Buzzy Beetle]]

*[[Stone Buzzy]]

**[[Dark Stone Buzzy]]

===Chargin' Chuck===

[[File:Chargin' Chuck Artwork - Super Mario 3D World.png|thumb|150x150px|Chargin' Chucks with and without helmets in ''Super Mario 3D World'']]

{{main|Chargin' Chuck}}

'''Chargin' Chucks''' are a type of Koopa who wear gridiron football gear. They have a variety of attacks and sports based weaponry, such as damaging baseballs and footballs. Chargin' Chucks first appeared in ''[[Super Mario World]]''. They have similarities to [[Boom Boom]], and like the [[Hammer Bro]]s. and their variations, Chargin' Chucks often appear as duos, or sometimes even larger groups.

{{br}}

'''Hammer Bros.''' (or '''Hammer Brothers''') are a type of Koopa that stand upright, wear helmets and shoes, and throw hammers at passerby. There are various similar Koopas who throw other objects at their opponents, such as the [[Boomerang Bro]]s., [[Ice Bro]]s., and the [[Fire Bro]]s., the latter of which used to spit their projectiles from their mouths, but now pull them from thin air, like the others. All of these Koopas have similar shell patterns (though they are color-coded by type: Hammer Bros. wear green armor, Fire Bros. wear red, Boomerang Bros. wear blue, Ice wear light blue, etc.) and beaks that are lighter in color than the rest of their face, both of which sets them apart from Koopa Troopas, which are also slightly smaller.

;Other Hammer Bro species

{{columns|count=2|

*[[Amazing Flyin' Hammer Brother]]  

**[[C. A. F. H. Bro]]  

*[[Boomerang Bro]]

**[[Beanerang Bro]]

**[[Circus Bro]]

**[[Dark Boomerang Bro]]

**[[Goomerang Brother]]

**[[Paper Boomerang Bro]]

*[[Business Bro]]

*[[Calm Hammer Bro]]

*[[Chariot Bro]]

*[[Chomp Bro]]

*[[Dark Hammer Bro]]

*[[Fire Bro]]

**[[Dark Fire Bro]]

**[[Paper Fire Bro]]

*[[Ice Bro]]

*[[Juggler Bro]]

*[[Limbo Bro]]

**[[Elite Limbo Bro]]

*[[Paper Hammer Bro]]

*[[Sledge Bro]]

**[[Shady Sledge Bro]]

*[[Small Hammer Bro]]

*[[Yo Bro]]  

}}

*[[Bowser Statue]]

*[[Bowser Stunner]]

*[[Fake Bowser]]

**[[Tail Bowser]]

*[[Koopa Kid]]

*[[Mechakoopa]]

**[[Blasta Mechakoopa]]

**[[Flying Mechakoopa]]

**[[Mega Mechakoopa]]

**[[Zappa Mechakoopa]]

===Koopa Troopa===

[[File:SuperMarioParty KoopaTroopa.png|thumb|150x150px]]

'''Koopa Troopas''' (often shortened to plain '''Koopas''' and occasionally to '''Troopas''', Japanese ノコノコ ''Nokonoko'') are common enemies in the ''Super Mario'' franchise. While some are peaceful, Koopa Troopas are usually displayed as foot soldiers of the Koopa Troop under the direct leadership of Bowser. They typically have no special offensive abilities like [[#Hammer Bros.|Hammer Bros.]] or [[#Lakitu|Lakitu]]s. Throughout the ''Super Mario'' franchise, Koopa Troopas have appeared as both quadrupedal creatures (four legged) and bipedal (walking on two legs). Since their debut in ''Super Mario Bros.'', Koopa Troopas have appeared in almost every game, usually as enemies, but also as playable characters in numerous spin-offs. They are also partners for Mario in the first two ''[[Paper Mario (series)|Paper Mario]]'' games.

;Other Koopa Troopa species

**[[G. R. P-Troopa]]

*[[Super Koopa (enemy)|Super Koopa]]

*[[Terrapin]]

 

[[File:NSMBU Lakitu Artwork.png|thumb|150x150px|A Lakitu as seen in ''New Super Mario Bros. U'']]

'''Lakitus''' are goggled Koopas who ride clouds through the skies, and which can occasionally be found snorkeling in water and hiding behind walls or in pipes. Unlike most Koopa species, they do not have snouts or beaks, but flat faces with round noses. Their shells are also unique in their circular patterning. To attack, Lakitus typically throw unlimited numbers of [[#Spiny|Spiny Eggs]] at their opponents, and some will also dangle [[1-Up Mushroom]]s from fishing poles to lure their targets closer.

*[[Aqua Lakitu]]

*[[Commander Lakitu]]

*[[Dark Lakitu]]

*[[Fishin' Lakitu]]

**[[Fishing Boo]]

***[[C. Fishing Boo]]

*[[Lakipea]]

*[[Lakitu King]]

*[[Lakitu R]]

*[[Lakitu in a Pipe]]

*[[Lakitufo]]

*[[Thunder Lakitu]]

===Magikoopa===

[[File:Magikoopa Artwork - Super Mario 3D World.png|thumb|150x150px|A Magikoopa as seen in ''Super Mario 3D World'']]

{{main|Magikoopa}}

'''Magikoopas''' (referred to as '''Kameks''' in the European localizations and as '''Koopa Wizards''' in the [[Super Mario World (television series)|''Super Mario World'' television series]]) can cast spells and fly on broomsticks. They are generally considered to be high-ranking members of the Koopa Troop. They wear glasses and wizard's garb: typically blue robes and hats, though Magikoopas specializing in different forms of magic sport different colors. Aside from their heads, which have slightly larger beaks than those of their normal counterparts, little is known about the Magikoopa's external structure due to their robes. [[Kamek]] is a notable Magikoopa.

*[[Dark Magikoopa]]

*[[Gray Magikoopa]]

*[[Green Magikoopa]]

*[[Magifoofa]]

*[[Purple Magikoopa]]

*[[Red Magikoopa]]

*[[Toady]]

*[[White Magikoopa]]

*[[Yellow Magikoopa]]

===Shova===

[[File:Shova (render) - SMBW.png|thumb|150x150px|A Shova in ''Super Mario Bros. Wonder'']]

{{main|Shova}}

'''Shovas''' are large Koopas similar to [[Chargin' Chuck]]s and [[Sumo Bro]]s. that are capable of pushing large objects like pipes with their large mitted hands.

===Spike===

[[File:Spike Artwork - Super Mario 3D World.png|thumb|150x150px|A Spike in ''Super Mario 3D World'']]

{{main|Spike}}

'''Spikes''' are small Koopas who either stand still or walk around. When Mario or an ally of his comes by, however, Spikes throw spiked balls or bars to harm the character. More specialized variants, such as [[Snow Spike]]s and [[Stone Spike]]s, also exist and throw their namesake projectiles instead of metallic, spiked balls.

===Spiny===

[[File:Spiny Artwork - New Super Mario Bros. 2.png|thumb|150x150px|A Spiny in ''New Super Mario Bros. 2'']]

{{main|Spiny}}

'''Spinies''' (Japanese トゲゾー ''Togezō'') are four-legged Koopas known for their spiked shells. They appear to have a symbiotic relationship with [[#Lakitu|Lakitus]], another Koopa variant which throw Spiny Eggs at their opponents.

;Other Spiny species

*[[Big Spiny]]

*[[Dark Spiny]]

*[[Sad Spiny]]

*[[Sharpea]]

*[[Shiny Paper Spiny]]

*[[Sky-Blue Spiny]]

*[[Spike Blop]]

*[[Spike Koopa]]

*[[Spikey (Super Mario RPG)|Spikey]]

**[[Spikester]]

**[[Urspike]]

*[[Spiny Egg]]

*[[Spiny R]]

*[[Spiny Shroopa]]

*[[Thorny]]

'''Sumo Bros.''' (or '''Sumo Brothers''') are a type of Koopa with similarities to [[Sledge Bro]] and [[Chargin' Chuck]]. They pound their foot to create thunderbolts that explode upon impact with the ground. Despite fitting within the [[Hammer Bro]]s. naming scheme in most languages, they are generally depicted as unrelated. Sumo Bros. first appeared in ''[[Super Mario World]]''.

[[File:Conkdor Artwork - Super Mario 3D World.png|thumb|150x150px|left]]

===Yoshi===

[[File:Yoshi - Mario Party 10.png|thumb|150x150px]]

{{main|Yoshi (species)}}

'''Yoshis''' are long-tongued omnivorous saurian creatures initially intended as Koopas.<ref>in the {{file link|SMHAmerican SMW and SMAS.jpg|section of the ''Super Mario History Booklet'' dedicated to ''Super Mario World''}} [[Takashi Tezuka]] states that ''''Yoshi was originally supposed to be a type of Koopa. That saddle you see on his back was actually is shell.''</ref> After their debut, this connection was not brought up again for many years, but it would eventually be reconfirmed that they are turtles with the large red "saddle" being a natural shell.<ref>{{cite|url=www.nintendo.com/en-gb/News/2017/October/Nintendo-Classic-Mini-SNES-developer-interview-Volume-5-Super-Mario-World-and-Super-Mario-World-2-Yoshi-s-Island-1290850.html|language=en-gb|title=Nintendo Classic Mini: SNES developer interview – Volume 5: Super Mario World and Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island|publisher=Nintendo of UK|accessdate=June 5, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite|author=Brian|date=April 27, 2019|url=nintendoeverything.com/yoshis-crafted-world-devs-on-the-art-style-kindergarten-inspiration-flip-side-gimmick-more|title=Yoshi’s Crafted World devs on the art style, kindergarten inspiration, flip side gimmick, more|publisher=Nintendo Everything|accessdate=June 5, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite|language=ja|url=game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/742615.html|title=The Creator of the Famicom and the Designer of Super Mario are here!|publisher=GAME Watch|accessdate=June 5, 2022}}</ref> As such, they are the one Koopa-based creature consistently depicted as friendly characters, with [[Yoshi]] being a major protagonist of both the ''[[Mario (franchise)|Mario]]'' franchise as well as [[Yoshi (franchise)|his own]] franchise.

{{br}}

|Jap=カメ{{ruby|一族|いちぞく}}<ref>{{cite|title=''Super Mario Bros. 2'' Disk System instruction booklet|page=3|publisher=Nintendo|author=Nintendo|date=1986|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite|title=スーパーマリオブラザーズ3 (''Sūpā Mario Burazāzu Surī'') instruction booklet|page=35|date=1988|language=ja}}</ref>

|Jap2=クッパ{{ruby|一族|いちぞく}}<ref>{{cite|date=1986|title=''All Night Nippon Super Mario Bros.'' instruction booklet|page=6-7|publisher=Nintendo|author=Nintendo}}</ref> (''All Night Nippon Super Mario Bros.'')

|Jap3=カメ{{ruby|族|ぞく}}<ref>{{cite|title=スーパーマリオブラザーズ3 (''Sūpā Mario Burazāzu Surī'') instruction booklet|page=38|language=ja|publisher=Nintendo|author=Nintendo|date=1988}}</ref>

|Spa=Koopa<br>(Los) Koopa

|Spa2M=(The) Koopa

|ChiT=烏龜族<ref>{{cite|url=www.nintendo.tw/mariokartwii/character/index_04.html|title=瑪利歐賽車 Wii (日文版)：角色 - 台灣任天堂網站|language=zh-hant|publisher=Nintendo Taiwan|accessdate=June 5, 2024}}</ref> (''Mario Kart Wii'')

|ChiT2=庫巴一族<ref>{{cite|url=www.nintendo.com.hk/switch/mario/history/index.html|title=瑪利歐歷史｜超級瑪利歐兄弟 35週年｜任天堂|publisher=Nintendo HK|language=zh-hant|accessdate=June 5, 2024}}</ref> (''Super Mario Bros.'' 35th Anniversary)