Editing Koopa (species)

{{rewrite|Poor formatting|11:19, 2 August 2017 (EDT)}}
{{distinguish|Koopa Troopa}}
{{about|the Koopa species as a whole|other uses of the word "Koopa"|[[Koopa]]}} heat Yoshi.
{{species-infobox
|title=Koopa
|image=[[File:SuperMarioParty KoopaTroopa.png|199px]]<br>A [[Koopa Troopa]], one of the most common types of Koopa. Its a cool ninja.
|expand=expandable
|derived_species=[[Boom Boom (species)|Boom Boom]]<br>[[Bowser]]'s species<br>[[Buzzy Beetle]]<br>[[Chargin' Chuck]]<br>[[Hammer Bro]]<br>[[Koopa Troopa]]<br>[[Lakitu]]<br>[[Magikoopa]]<br>[[Mechakoopa]]<br>[[Rocky Wrench]]<br>[[Spike]]<br>[[Spiny]]
|notable= [[Bowser]]<br>[[Bowser Jr.]]<br>[[Koopalings]]
|related=[[Shellcreeper]]
|first_appearance=''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' ([[List of games by date#1985|1985]])
|latest_appearance=''[[Super Mario Maker 2]]'' ([[List of games by date#2019|2019]]) Mario its eartsvijand.
}}
{{quote2|[[Yoshi]]-dear, [[Baby Mario|that baby]] is going to cause disaster to befall the Koopas. So give him here before you accidentally get hurt!|[[Kamek]]|[[Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island]]}}
'''Koopas''' represent a consistent group of turtle-like creatures. There are many different types of Koopas, the most common being [[Koopa Troopa]]s.
Most Koopas seem to operate in a hierarchy-based grouping system. [[Bowser]] is the leader of the [[Koopa Troop]], which has invaded [[Mushroom Kingdom]] many times and has control over most of the Koopas in the ''Mario'' franchise, beginning in ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' where, according to an interpretation of the story of the Japanese game's manual<ref>[https://www.nintendo.co.jp/clv/manuals/ja/pdf/CLV-P-HAAAJ.pdf Japanese manual of ''Super Mario Bros.'']. The line in particular is 「強力な魔法を操る大ガメクッパの一族」 which, due to the various meanings of 「の」, can be interpreted as both ''the tribe of the great turtle Koopa who uses powerful magic'' or ''the Koopa tribe, great turtles who use powerful magic''. Retrieved May 10, 2018.</ref> during the English localization that saw ''Koopa'' (「クッパ」) as the name of the group of turtles instead of the name of Bowser, they were known for their "black magic."<ref>[https://legendsoflocalization.com/media/super-mario-bros/manuals/Super-Mario-Bros-Manual-US.pdf ''Super Mario Bros.'' North American instruction booklet], page 2.</ref> Said interpretation has since been rectified, with ''Koopa'' being acknowledged to be the Japanese name of Bowser,<ref>[http://mario.nintendo.com/history/ ''History'' section of the ''Official Home of Mario'']. Note how the rectified story of ''Super Mario Bros.'' now states ''The Mushroom Kingdom was the peaceful home of the Toads until the day Bowser and his wicked minions invaded. Using powerful magic, Bowser™ transformed the Toads into bricks and quickly conquered the land.'' Retrieved May 10, 2018.</ref> but the concept of ''Koopas'' as a group of turtles in the West remains,<ref>[http://mario.nintendo.com/characters/ Bowser's bio in the ''Official Home of Mario''] states ''The king of the Koopas dreams of ruling the Mushroom Kingdom, and only Mario and his brave friends stand in his way!''. Retrieved May 10, 2018.</ref> while Nintendo in Japan consistently refers to ''Koopa'' as the name of Bowser and to the ''Turtle Tribe'' (「カメ族」) as the group to which the various turtles belong.<ref>As can be seen both by {{media link|SMCE pages 88 89.png|this diagram of the Koopa Troop on pages 88 and 89 of the ''Super Mario Zen Hyakka'' (「スーパーマリオ全百科」, Super Mario Complete Encyclopedia)}} and the [https://www.nintendo.co.jp/character/mario/characters/index.html current bio of Bowser in the ''Mario Portal''].</ref> Many of these same Koopas are members of the Koopa Troop and have different tasks in the organization based on the abilities of their particular class. For example, [[Koopa Troopa]]s tend to be assigned as basic foot soldiers alongside [[Goomba]]s due to their lack of specialized offensive capabilities, while [[Magikoopa]]s are often given advisory roles due to their magical abilities and gift of foresight.

However, not all Koopas are allied with Bowser. Some Koopas, such as the Koopa Troopas of [[Koopa Village]], live peacefully inside the borders of the Mushroom Kingdom, while others, such as [[Koopa the Quick]] in ''[[Super Mario 64]]'' and the [[Roving Racers]] in ''[[Super Mario Odyssey]]'', simply hold no allegiance and operate independently.

While English versions of ''[[Super Smash Bros. for Wii U]]'' states that Koopas are apparently evolved from the [[Shellcreeper]]s of ''[[Mario Bros. (game)|Mario Bros.]]''<ref>"The Koopa is apparently an evolved form of this veteran of Mario Bros." -Shellcreeper Trophy from the NTSC ''Super Smash Bros. for Wii U''</ref><ref>"A true veteran from way back in Mario Bros., this guy even predates Koopas, which apparently it evolved into." -Shellcreeper Trophy from the PAL ''Super Smash Bros. for Wii U''</ref>, the Japanese text exclusively mentions Koopa Troopas.<ref>Treat4567 (December 28, 2014). [https://youtu.be/Kjy7Gd4cjrM?t=158 <nowiki>[スマブラWiiU]</nowiki> フィギュア 全716種まとめ]. ''YouTube''. Retrieved March 13, 2018.</ref>

==Species==
===Boom Boom===
[[File:Boom_Boom_SMR.png|thumb|150px|Boom Boom in ''Super Mario Run'']]
{{Main|Boom Boom (species)}}
'''Boom Booms''' are a Koopa species similar to Bowser's. Booms Booms are very large and most have spikes on the back of their shells. The only difference seems to be the connected plastron (the underside of the shell) that Boom Booms have. They have huge arms, which they use to attack by flailing them, although in some cases their arms are replaced with wings. Members of this species include [[Boom Boom]] and a female Boom Boom named [[Pom Pom]]. They appear in boss battles in games like ''[[Super Mario Bros. 3]]'', ''[[Super Mario 3D Land]]'', ''[[New Super Mario Bros. U]]'', ''[[New Super Luigi U]]'', ''[[Super Mario 3D World]]'', and ''[[Super Mario Maker 2]]''.
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===Bowser's species===
[[File:Bowser - Mario Party 10.png|thumb]]
{{main|Bowser}}
Not much is known about the species of Koopa to which Bowser belongs. The exact name is also unknown; the members are most often simply referred to as "Koopas," with the ''[[Perfect Edition of the Great Mario Character Encyclopedia]]'' (「パーフェクト版マリオキャラクター大事典」) simply grouping the members of Bowser's Royal Family under a group known as ''Bowser's Group'' (「クッパ<span class=explain title="けい">系</span>」).<ref>{{media link|PEGMCE page 193.png|page 193 of the ''Perfect Edition of the Great Mario Character Encyclopedia'' (「パーフェクト版マリオキャラクター大事典」)}}, in which the various types of Koopas are put in groups according to how they are related.</ref> The only known members in the games are [[Bowser]], [[Bowser's Brother]], [[Bowser Jr.]], the [[Koopalings]], and the [[Koopa Kid]]s. The unique feature of this species is that the plastron is formed by plates covering the belly and is detached from the [[Bowser's Shell|carapace]], which is spiked. However, when they duck into their shells, the flesh between the belly plates and the carapace is no longer visible, as if the shells featured a fully attached plastron. Like the very similar [[Boom Boom (species)|Boom Booms]], members of this species of Koopa stand upright, and are typically much larger than most types of Koopas upon reaching adulthood. Even as a child, Bowser Jr. is almost as tall as a full-grown Koopa Troopa.<ref>[[Media:Size chart.jpg|Size comparison chart]]</ref> However, Lemmy Koopa is actually almost as small as [[Toad]]<ref>[http://pressthebuttons.typepad.com/.a/6a00d83452033569e201b8d0b43f5b970c 1993 Nintendo Character Guide Comparison Chart that includes some Koopalings] and [http://pressthebuttons.typepad.com/.a/6a00d83452033569e201b7c72a96cb970b 1993 Nintendo Character Guide Comparison Chart that includes Toad.] ''Press The Buttons''. Retrieved October 14,2015.</ref> while his younger brother Larry is bigger in size<ref>[http://pressthebuttons.typepad.com/.a/6a00d83452033569e201b8d0b43f5b970c 1993 Nintendo Character Guide Comparison Chart that includes some Koopalings]</ref><ref>"''Bowser's youngest Koopaling, Larry, has taken over the Grass Land.''" - ''Nintendo Power Strategy Guide'' for ''Super Mario Bros. 3'', page 9.</ref>, showing that some variability in size exists among Koopas belonging to Bowser's species.  These Koopas are known for their strength, sometimes the ability to breathe out flames, and durability, even as children, as well as magical powers; they typically are the leaders of the Koopa race. Koopas belonging to Bowser's species do not have a beak, instead having a fleshy muzzle, and some also have horns. A particular feature, shown by [[Baby Bowser]] in ''[[Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island]]'' and [[Ludwig von Koopa]] in ''[[Paper Mario: Color Splash]]'', is that the eyes display yellow eyeshine in the dark, implying that they may possess night vision. [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] initially intended for Bowser to look like an ox, hence a few of the physical characteristics, such as the horns. Members of this species alongside Boom Boom's species are also shown to possess teeth, with it also being strongly implied if not directly shown that the species possess a carnivorous diet due to Bowser, Bowser Jr., and the Koopalings eating meat at various points, as well as Bowser and Bowser Jr. both explicitly expressing disgust at eating vegetable matter, although despite this, they had little problem ingesting Mushrooms. Members of this species also have varying pigmentations to their skin, which is demonstrated with Morton Koopa Jr., who had darker skin compared to the rest of his species, as well as [[Bowser's Brother]], who had grayish-blue skin.
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===Buzzy Beetle===
[[File:NSMBU Buzzy Beetle Artwork.png|thumb]]
{{main|Buzzy Beetle}}
Buzzy Beetles are found generally in caves and other dark areas. They are known to be immune to fireballs, and they can climb on walls and ceilings, and they can drop from ceilings if Mario or others approach them closely enough. As with Koopa Troopas, Buzzy Beetles hide inside their shell if Mario or others stomp on them, letting their shells be used.

;Other Buzzy Beetle species
*[[Big Buzzy Beetle]]
**[[Big Bony Beetle]]
*[[Bony Beetle]]
**[[Big Bony Beetle]]
*[[Buster Beetle]]
*[[Buzz-Bomb]]
*[[Magmite]]
**[[Magmus]]
*[[Noko Bombette]]
*[[Para-Beetle]]
**[[Heavy Para-Beetle]]
**[[Spiky Parabuzzy]]
*[[Spike Top]]
**[[Dark Spike Top]]
**[[Mad Mecha-Spike Top]]
**[[Red Spike Top]]
**[[Spiky Parabuzzy]]
*[[Shiny Buzzy Beetle]]
*[[Small Buzzy Beetle]]
*[[Stone Buzzy]]
**[[Dark Stone Buzzy]]
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===Chargin' Chuck===
[[File:Chargin' Chuck Artwork - Super Mario 3D World.png|thumb|150px|Chargin' Chucks with and without helmets in ''Super Mario 3D World'']]
{{main|Chargin' Chuck}}
'''Chargin' Chucks''' (sometimes referred to as '''Koopa Quarterbacks''' or '''Koopa Football Players''') are a type of Koopa who wear American football gear. They have a variety of attacks and sports based weaponry, such as damaging baseballs and footballs. Chargin' Chucks first appeared in ''[[Super Mario World]]''. Like the Hammer Bros. and their variations, Chargin' Chucks often appear as duos, or sometimes even larger groups.
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===Hammer Bro===
{{main|Hammer Bro}}
[[File:NSMBU Hammer Bro Artwork.png|thumb]]
'''Hammer Bros.''' (or '''Hammer Brothers''') are a type of Koopa that stand upright, wear helmets and shoes, and throw hammers at passerby. There are various similar Koopas who throw other objects at their opponents, such as the [[Boomerang Bro]]s., [[Ice Bro]]s., and the [[Fire Bro]]s., the latter of which used to spit their projectiles from their mouths, but now pull them from thin air, like the others. All of these Koopas have similar shell patterns (though they are color-coded by type: Hammer Bros. wear green armor, Fire Bros. wear red, Boomerang Bros. wear blue, Ice wear light blue, etc.) and beaks that are lighter in color than the rest of their face, both of which sets them apart from Koopa Troopas, which are also slightly smaller.

;Other Hammer Bro. species
*[[Amazing Flyin' Hammer Brother]] 
**[[Calm Amazing Flyin' Hammer Brother]] 
*[[Boomerang Bro]]
**[[Beanerang Bro]]
**[[Circus Bro]]
**[[Dark Boomerang Bro]]
**[[Goomerang Brother]]
**[[Paper Boomerang Bro]]
*[[Business Bro]]
*[[Calm Hammer Bro]]
*[[Chariot Bro]]
*[[Chomp Bro]]
*[[Dark Hammer Bro]]
*[[Fire Bro]]
**[[Dark Fire Bro]]
**[[Paper Fire Bro]]
*[[Ice Bro]]
*[[Juggler Bro]]
*[[Limbo Bro]]
**[[Elite Limbo Bro]]
*[[Paper Hammer Bro]]
*[[Sledge Bro]]
**[[Shady Sledge Bro]]
*[[Small Hammer Bro]]
*[[Sumo Bro]]
*[[Yo Bro]] 
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===Koopa Troopa===
{{main|Koopa Troopa}}
[[File:SuperMarioParty KoopaTroopa.png|thumb]]
'''Koopa Troopas''' (often shortened to plain '''Koopas''' and occasionally to '''Troopas''', Japanese ノコノコ ''Nokonoko'') are common enemies in the ''Mario'' series. While some are peaceful, Koopa Troopas are usually displayed as foot soldiers of the Koopa Troop under the direct leadership of Bowser. They typically have no special offensive abilities like [[#Hammer Bros.|Hammer Bros.]] or [[#Lakitu|Lakitu]]s. Throughout the ''Mario'' series, Koopa Troopas have appeared as both quadrupedal creatures (four legged) and bipedal (walking on two legs). Since their debut in ''Super Mario Bros.'', Koopa Troopas have appeared in almost every game, usually as enemies, but also as playable characters in numerous spin-offs. They are also partners for Mario in the first two ''[[Paper Mario (series)|Paper Mario]]'' games.

;Other Koopa Troopa species
*[[Beach Koopa]]
*[[Big Koopa Troopa]]
**[[Big Dry Bones]]
**[[Colossal Koopa Paratroopa]]
*[[Bombshell Koopa]]
*[[Climbing Koopa]]
*[[Dark Koopa]]
*[[Dry Bones]]
**[[Big Dry Bones]]
**[[Dark Bones]]
**[[Dry Bones 5-Stack]]
**[[Dull Bones]]
***[[Dark Dull Bones]]
**[[Elite Dry Bones]]
**[[Paper Dry Bones]]
**[[Parabones]]
**[[Red Bones]]
**[[Sad Dry Bones]]
**[[Vomer]]
*[[Electro-Koopa]]
**[[Blue Electrokoopa]]
**[[Red Electrokoopa]]
***[[Huge Red Electrokoopa]]
*[[Glad Red Koopa]]
*[[Koopa Paratroopa]]
**[[Colossal Koopa Paratroopa]]
**[[Dark Paratroopa]]
**[[Dreamy Paratroopa]]
**[[Glad Red Paratroopa]]
**[[Heavy Troopa]]
**[[Koopa Paratroopa 10-Stack]]
**[[KP Paratroopa]]
**[[Mad Green Paratroopa]]
**[[Malakoopa]]
**[[Paper Paratroopa]]
**[[Paratroopea]]
**[[Scaratroopea]]
**[[Shady Paratroopa]]
**[[Shiny Paratroopa]]
**[[Tub-O-Troopa]]
**[[Z Koopa]]
**[[Parabones]]
*[[Koopatrol]]
**[[Dark Koopatrol]]
*[[Koopa Troopa 6-Stack]]
*[[Koopeleon]]
**[[Gold Koopeleon]]
*[[KP Koopa]]
**[[KP Paratroopa]]
*[[Mad Green Koopa]]
*[[Mask Koopa]]
*[[Mural Koopa]]
*[[Nokottasu]]
*[[Paper Koopa Troopa]]
*[[Shady Koopa]]
**[[Shady Paratroopa]]
*[[Shiny Koopa Troopa]]
*[[Snooza Koopa]]
*[[Space Troopa]]
*[[State Troopa]]
*[[Stormtroopa]]
*[[Super Koopa (enemy)|Super Koopa]]
*[[Super Troopa]]
*[[Terrapin]]
**[[Terra Cotta]]
**[[Torte]]
*[[Troopea]]
**[[Elite Troopea]]
**[[Paratroopea]]
**[[Scaratroopea]]
*[[Wereturtle]]
{{br}}

===Lakitu===
[[File:NSMBU Lakitu Artwork.png|thumb|100px|A Lakitu as seen in ''New Super Mario Bros. U'']]
{{main|Lakitu}}
'''Lakitus''' are goggled Koopas who ride clouds through the skies, and which can occasionally be found snorkeling in water and hiding behind walls or in pipes. Unlike most Koopa species, they do not have snouts or beaks, but flat faces with round noses. Their shells are also unique in their circular patterning. To attack, Lakitus typically throw unlimited numbers of [[#Spiny|Spiny Eggs]] at their opponents, and some will also dangle [[1-Up Mushroom]]s from fishing poles to lure their targets closer.

;Other Lakitu species
*[[Aqua Lakitu]]
*[[Calm Lakitu]]
*[[Commander Lakitu]]
*[[Dark Lakitu]]
*[[Fishin' Lakitu]]
**[[Fishing Boo]]
***[[Calm Fishing Boo]]
*[[Glam Lakitu]]
*[[Lakipea]]
*[[Lakitu King]]
*[[Lakitu R]]
*[[Lakitu in a Pipe]]
*[[Lakitufo]]
*[[Thunder Lakitu]]
*[[Wall Lakitu]]
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===Magikoopa===
[[File:Magikoopa Artwork - Super Mario 3D World.png|thumb|150px|A Magikoopa as seen in ''Super Mario 3D World'']]
{{main|Magikoopa}}
'''Magikoopas''' (referred to as '''Kameks''' in the European localizations and as '''Koopa Wizards''' in the [[Super Mario World (television series)|''Super Mario World'' television series]]) can cast spells and fly on broomsticks. They are generally considered to be high-ranking members of the Koopa Troop. They wear glasses and wizard's garb: typically blue robes and hats, though Magikoopas specializing in different forms of magic sport different colors. Aside from their heads, which have slightly larger beaks than those of their normal counterparts, little is known about the Magikoopa's external structure due to their robes. [[Kamek]] is a notable Magikoopa.

;Other Magikoopa species
*[[Dark Magikoopa]]
*[[Gray Magikoopa]]
*[[Green Magikoopa]]
*[[Magifoofa]]
*[[Purple Magikoopa]]
*[[Red Magikoopa]]
*[[Toady]]
**[[Solo Toady]]
*[[White Magikoopa]]
*[[Yellow Magikoopa]]
{{br}}
===Mechakoopa===
[[File:NewMechaKoopa.jpg|thumb]]
{{main|Mechakoopa}}
'''Mechakoopas''' are mechanical enemies that bear a slight resemblance to Bowser, and walk with a wind-up mechanism. Mario can stun them by jumping on them. There, Mechakoopas can be held and thrown, but they eventually recover and move again. The bulkier [[Micro Mecha-Bowser]]s from ''[[Super Mario Galaxy]]'' and ''[[Super Mario Galaxy 2]]'' cannot be picked up.
{{br}}
===Rocky Wrench===
[[File:Rocky_wrench.jpg|150px|thumb|Rocky Wrenches' Koopa-like appearance in ''Super Mario Bros. 3''.]]
{{main|Rocky Wrench}}
'''Rocky Wrenches''' are enemies and pop out of manhole covers on [[airship]]s at random. They were stated to be a mole-like type of Koopa during ''[[Super Mario Bros. 3]]'',<ref>「モグラようなカメ<span class="explain" title="ぞく">族</span>。<span class="explain" title="あな">穴</span>からニョキッと<span class="explain" title="で">出</span>てきてスパナを<span class="explain" title="な">投</span>げてくる。<span class="explain" title="ひこうせん">飛行船</span>の<span class="explain" title="のりくみいん">乗組員</span>だ。」 ("''Mole-like members of the Turtle Tribe. They will pop out of a hole to throw their spanner. They are the maintenance crew of the airship.''") - ''[[Super Mario Bros. 3]]'' Japanese instruction booklet, page 38.</ref><ref>"Rocky is a turtle who kind of looks like a mole. He will suddenly appear and start to throw wrenches at Mario." - ''[[Super Mario Bros. 3]]'' English instruction booklet, Page 37.</ref> and have been redesigned to greatly resemble [[Monty Mole]]s as of ''[[New Super Mario Bros. Wii]]''.
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===Spike===
[[File:Spike Artwork - Super Mario 3D World.png|thumb|150px|A Spike in ''Super Mario 3D World'']]
{{main|Spike}}
'''Spikes''' are small Koopas who either stand still or walk around. When Mario or an ally of his comes by, however, Spikes throw spiked balls to harm the character. More specialized variants, such as [[Snow Spike]]s and [[Stone Spike]]s, also exist and throw their namesake projectiles instead of metallic, spiked balls.

;Other Spike species
*[[Clubba]]
**[[Dark Clubba]]
**[[White Clubba]]
*[[Mad Spike]]
*[[Shiny Paper Spike]]
*[[Snow Spike]]
*[[Stone Spike]]
{{br}}
===Spiny===
[[File:Spiny Artwork - New Super Mario Bros. 2.png|thumb|150px|A Spiny in ''New Super Mario Bros. 2'']]
{{main|Spiny}}
'''Spinies''' (Japanese トゲゾー Togezō) are four-legged Koopas known for their spiked shells. They appear to have a symbiotic relationship with [[#Lakitu|Lakitus]], another Koopa variant which throw Spiny Eggs at their opponents.

;Other Spiny species
*[[Big Spiny]]
*[[Dark Spiny]]
*[[Ice Spiny]]
*[[Sad Spiny]]
*[[Sharpea]]
*[[Shiny Paper Spiny]]
*[[Sky-Blue Spiny]]
*[[Spike Blop]]
*[[Spike Koopa]]
*[[Spikey (Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars)|Spikey]]
**[[Oerlikon]]
**[[Spikester]]
*[[Spiny Egg]]
*[[Spiny R]]
*[[Spiny Shroopa]]
*[[Thorny]]
{{br}}

==Names in other languages==
{{foreign names
|Jap=カメ<span class="explain" title="いちぞく">一族</span><ref>Page 4 of the Japanese manual of ''Super Mario Bros.''.</ref><ref>''[[Super Mario Bros. 3]]'' Japanese instruction booklet, page 35.</ref><br>''Kame-ichizoku''<br>カメ<span class="explain" title="ぞく">族</span><ref>''[[Super Mario Bros. 3]]'' Japanese instruction booklet, page 38.</ref><br>''Kame-zoku''
|JapM=Turtle Tribe<br><br>Turtle Tribe
|Por=Koopa
|PorM=-
|Fra=Koopa
|FraM=-
|Ita=Koopa
|ItaM=-
|Rus=Купа
|RusR=Kupa
|RusM=Koopa
|Kor=거북족<ref>해머를 던지는 거북족의 엘리트, 전망 좋은 높은 곳을 좋아하는 것 같다.(Hammer-throwing Elite of Turtle Tribe. He seems to like high place with good view.), from Card description of Hammer Bro from [[Super Paper Mario]]</ref>
|KorR=Geobukjok
|KorM=Turtle Tribe
}}

==References==
<references/>
{{Buzzy Beetles}}
{{Hammer Bros.}}
{{Koopa Troopas}}
{{Koopa Paratroopas}}
{{Dry Bones}}
{{Lakitus}}
{{Magikoopas}}
{{Spikes}}
{{Spinies}}
{{Koopas}}
[[Category:Koopas|*]]
[[Category:Mario & Luigi Series Species]]