Editing Yoichi Kotabe

{{person infobox
|image=[[File:Yoichi Kotabe.jpg|200px]]
|born=September 15, 1936 (age {{age|September 15, 1936}})
|role=Illustrator for various 2D character artworks, animator
}}

{{quote|When I first saw all the movements [[Mario]] was performing in [[Super Mario Bros.]], I thought that video games were now doing what the original animation industry was forgetting.|Yoichi Kotabe|Iwata Asks}}

'''Yoichi Kotabe'''  (小田部 羊一 ''Kotabe Yōichi'') is a Japanese animation artist and former employee of [[Nintendo]]. Kotabe was the primary artist on the ''[[Super Mario (franchise)|Super Mario]]'' franchise, drawing much of the 2D promotional artwork for the games and refining many of [[Shigeru Miyamoto]]'s early sketches into the character's definitive designs. He also worked as an art supervisor on various ''[[bulbapedia:Pokémon|Pokémon]]'' games.

Prior to joining Nintendo, Yoichi Kotabe worked in the animation industry, primarily for [[wikipedia:Toei Animation|Toei Animation]] where he was animator on productions such as ''[[wikipedia:Hols: Prince of the Sun|Hols: Prince of the Sun]]'', ''[[wikipedia:Panda! Go, Panda!|Panda! Go, Panda!]]'' and ''[[wikipedia:Heidi, Girl of the Alps|Heidi, Girl of the Alps]]''. He left Nintendo in 2007 after 21 years, and is currently active as a freelancer.

==Life and work==

===Career at Nintendo===
{{quote|I only intended to be at Nintendo one or two years, though. That became 21 years!|Yoichi Kotabe|Iwata Asks}}

In the late 1970s, Yoichi Kotabe left [[wikipedia:Nippon Animation|Zuiyo Eizo]] and started working freelance, as he began to feel like "water that's beginning to stagnate" after working on animation on the same place for a long time. In 1985, he met Hiroshi Ikeda, the then-manager of [[Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development|Nintendo EAD]] and a former colleague at Toei Animation, in a coffee shop. Ikeda asked Kotabe if he would like to join [[Nintendo]] and give advice about animation, as video games were going to require an increasing amount of know-how in animation. Kotabe knew very little about video games, but he believed Ikeda and agreed. Kotabe intended to be at Nintendo for only one or two years.<ref name="iwata_asks3">[http://www.nintendodsi.com/iwata-asks-chapter.jsp?interviewId=1&volumeId=8&chapterId=3 Iwata Asks: Nintendo DSi, Volume 8 - Yoichi Kotabe (page 3) at NintendoDSi.com]</ref>

[[File:Magic Carpet screenshot.png|left|frame|The [[magic carpet|flying carpet]], seen in its final in-game form.]]
At Nintendo, Kotabe was introduced to [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] and other developers. When they showed him the game ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'', Kotabe saw the movements [[Mario]] was performing in the game, and he thought that video games were now doing what the original animation industry was forgetting. However, for a while after Kotabe joined Nintendo, he didn't work on animation at all and instead sat around doodling whatever came to his mind, as he said in an interview.<ref name="iwata_asks3"/> According to Miyamoto, the first animation Kotabe drew for Nintendo was of [[Luigi]] spinning around in circles, but it couldn't be used in a game as it had too many frames at the time. The first video game work Miyamoto requested from Kotabe was to draw the [[magic carpet]] in motion found in ''[[Yume Kōjō: Doki Doki Panic]]''. Miyamoto wanted it to move like a real rug, and so he asked Kotabe "Please, draw me a rug!" However, Kotabe's smoothly moving animation had too many frames, so their number had to be reduced while still keeping a smooth movement.<ref name="iwata_asks4">[http://iwataasks.nintendo.com/interviews/#/ds/dsi/7/0 Iwata Asks: Nintendo DSi, Volume 8 - Yoichi Kotabe (page 4)]</ref>

Miyamoto also asked Kotabe to do many illustrations for Mario. As Mario was pixel art, the only reference was the package illustration for ''Super Mario Bros.'' Kotabe learned that Miyamoto was its artist, so he asked him many questions on how to draw Mario. With the instructions of Miyamoto, Kotabe created the image of Mario that became the new base for the visual development of Nintendo's mascot. Kotabe also redefined the look of other characters in the series. For example, Princess Peach completely changed, now being notably taller and wearing a different dress. Miyamoto told everything he wanted to Kotabe, like how he wanted her eyes to be a little cat-like, and how she should look stubborn, but charming. Bowser changed a lot as well. In Miyamoto's artwork, Bowser loosely resembled an ox as a homage to the ox king seen in the ''[[wikipedia:Journey to the West|Journey to the West]]'' anime adaption that was renamed ''[[wikipedia:Alakazam the Great|Alakazam the Great]]'' in the United States. Through their discussions, the developers began to see similar lines between Bowser and the [[Koopa Troopa]]s and partly based Bowser's appearance on them. Bowser's new design eventually came together.<ref name="iwata_asks4"/> The following gallery shows a comparison between the designs of the three mentioned characters by Miyamoto and Kotabe:
<gallery>
Mario and mushroom SMB1 artwork.jpg|Mario by Miyamoto
Bowser and Peach original SMB.png|Peach and Bowser by Miyamoto
</gallery>
<gallery>
SMB Mario Jumping Artwork.png|Mario by Kotabe
PrincessSML.png|Peach by Kotabe
BowserSMB1.png|Bowser by Kotabe
</gallery>

Among other people who worked with Kotabe at Nintendo was game designer [[Yoshiaki Koizumi]], a graduate from the Osaka University of Arts. Kotabe was the first person Koizumi worked together with after entering Nintendo. Koizumi was supposed to keep working as a character illustrator for a while, and Miyamoto told Kotabe to develop Koizumi's skills.<ref name="iwata_asks4"/>

Besides his skills in visual art, Kotabe also made use of other knowledge he acquired in the animation industry at Nintendo. For example, at Toei Animation, he was taught to look at "the real thing" and take it all inside oneself. Therefore, during the development of ''[[Super Mario Kart]]'', Kotabe forced through a budget to inspect real go-karts. During their trip, the developers drove go-karts and observed their structure.<ref name="iwata_asks4"/>

After 21 years at Nintendo, Kotabe left the company in 2007.<ref name="iwata_asks4"/><ref name="anido"/> The last [[Super Mario (franchise)|''Super Mario'' franchise]] game in which his name appears in the credits was ''[[WarioWare: Smooth Moves]]''. In total, more than 40 ''Super Mario'' games list Kotabe in the credits.<ref name="mobygames">[http://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/view/developerId,69462/ Yoichi Kotabe at MobyGames]</ref>

===After Nintendo===
[[File:Kotabe drawing Mario in FS.jpg|thumb|Yoichi Kotabe drawing Mario in ''Flipnote Studio'' on the Nintendo DSi.]]
Yoichi Kotabe is currently active as a freelancer. He holds the post of a lecturer at Toei Animation Institute.<ref name="anido">[http://www.anido.com/html-e/kotabe-e.html Yoichi Kotabe: Biographical Notes at Anido]</ref> In 2008, a book titled ''Yoichi Kotabe: Legendary Animator - His Animated Drawings'' was released in Japanese, with a few contents also being in English.<ref name="anido_book">[http://www.anido.com/publication/books/113?lang=en ''Yoichi Kotabe: Legendary Animator - His Animated Drawings'' at Anido]</ref> It also includes information on Nintendo-related works of him.<ref name="iwata_asks5">[http://www.nintendodsi.com/iwata-asks-chapter.jsp?interviewId=1&volumeId=8&chapterId=5 Iwata Asks: Nintendo DSi, Volume 8 - Yoichi Kotabe (page 5) at NintendoDSi.com]</ref> In the same year an "[[Satoru Iwata|Iwata]] Asks" interview was held with Yoichi Kotabe, Shigeru Miyamoto and Yoshiaki Koizumi. It focused on Yoichi Kotabe himself as well as the application ''[[wikipedia:Flipnote Studio|Flipnote Studio]]'' for the [[Nintendo DS|Nintendo DSi]]. Kotabe created four animations with ''Flipnote Studio'', including one of Mario, which were all made available at the Flipnote Hatena website.<ref name="hatena">[https://archive.sudomemo.net/user/0B8D56BA1BD441B8@DSi Yoichi Kotabe on the Flipnote Archive]</ref>

Kotabe is given a "With Thanks" [[List of The Super Mario Bros. Movie staff|credit]] in ''[[The Super Mario Bros. Movie]]''. According to Shigeru Miyamoto, Kotabe created pre-existing sketches years prior that served as the basis for [[Mario and Luigi's family]].<ref>https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-features/the-super-mario-bros-movie-shigeru-miyamoto-koji-kondo-nintendo-interview-easter-eggs-1234706449/</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
{{NIWA|Bulbapedia=1}}
{{Wikipedia|Yōichi Kotabe|Yoichi Kotabe}}
*[http://iwataasks.nintendo.com/interviews/#/ds/dsi/7/0 Iwata Asks: Yoichi Kotabe]
*[http://flipnote.hatena.com/0B8D56BA1BD441B8@DSi/ Yoichi Kotabe at Flipnote Hatena]

{{People}}
[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Nintendo]]
[[it:Yoichi Kotabe]]